1. Reproductive System

2. A sex cell is known as a gamete
The male sex cell (or gamete) is called sperm; the female sex cell (or gamete) is called the egg

5. Fertilisation occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg

7. Fertilisation occurs in the fallopian tube

9. Part
Function
Ovary
To produce eggs
Fallopian tube
To carry the egg towards the womb.
Fertilisation occurs here.
Womb (uterus)
To hold the baby during pregnancy
Cervix
The entrance to the womb
Vagina
To hold the penis during sexual intercourse.
To allow childbirth

12. To carry sperm from the testes to the penis
Part
Function
Testes
To produce sperm
Scrotum
To hold the testes outside body, which favours sperm production (temp = 2oC lower)
Sperm duct
To carry sperm from the testes to the penis
Prostate gland
To produce fluids which nourish the sperm
(fluid + sperm = semen)
Penis
To deliver sperm into the woman’s body

13. The menstrual cycle
Menstruation is the shedding of the lining of the uterus
The menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days and menstruation occurs at the start of the cycle

15. In Each Menstrual Cycle:
Day 1 –5: The lining of the uterus breaks down and passes out of the body (a period occurs) Day 6 – 13: A new lining forms in the uertus and a new egg develops in the ovary Day 14: An egg is released from the ovary (ovulation)
Day 15 – 28: The lining of the uterus remains in place until the next menstrual cylce

16. Fertile Period
These are the days on which pregnancy is most likely to occur.
Typically this is from days 11 –16.

17. Ovulation
The release of the egg from the ovary

18. Sexual intercourse occurs when the erect penis of the male is placed in the vagina of the female
Fertilisation is the fusion between male and female gametes (sperm and egg) resulting in a zygote
A zygote undergoes cell division and develops within the womb into a foetus

20. Implantation occurs when the dividing zygote attaches itself to the lining of the uterus.

21. Pregnancy: the foetus inside the womb
Implantation occurs when the dividing zygote (ball of cells) attaches itself to the lining of the uterus.
Human pregnancy usually lasts about 40 weeks
After 8 weeks the embryo is recognisable as a human and is the called a foetus.
Placenta acts as a link between the mother’s bloodstream and that of the developing embryo (it brings in nutrients and takes away waste).

23. Nutrients
Waste
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Food
Urea
Alcohol/Drugs
Salts

25. Pregnancy
This is the length of time the baby spends developing in the uterus.

26. During Pregnancy: • The baby is surrounded by a membrane called amnion • Amniotic fluid surrounds and protects the baby • The umbilical cord connects the baby and placenta • The placenta allows substances to be exchanged between the mother and the baby

28. The birth itself Contractions begin (muscles in the uterus contract).
‘breaking of the waters’ (liquid, or amniotic fluid or fluid escapes).
Cervix dilates(widens).
The baby is pushed through the cervix (into the vagina)

30. Contraception

31. TWO TYPES
CHEMICAL
PHYSICAL

32. Chemical Contraception
• Some pills prevents the embryo
implanting in the uterus

33. Physical contraception
Avoiding intercourse at certain times
Using a condom,
a cap or
chemicals
to kill sperm

34. Surgical Contraception
• Surgery to close off the sperm ducts (Vasectomy) or fallopian tubes.