1. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Medical Therapeutics

2. Bell Work What is the job of the Circulatory System in the body?
What other body systems does it work with?
What does pulmonary mean?
What does Cardiac mean?
What body cavity is the heart located in?

3. Standard
11) Outline the gross normal structure and function of all body systems and summarize appropriate medical text(s) in order to relate signs and symptoms of common diseases and disorders with each. Cardiovascular System

4. Objective By the end of class, student will be able to
Understand main functions of the heart
Identify the 4 chambers of the heart and the 4 heart valves
Interpret the meaning of heart sounds and blood pressure

5. Key Terms Pulmonary – means anything dealing with the lungs
Cardiac – means anything dealing with the heart
Heart: a muscular organ that pumps blood to the lungs and the body.

6. Physiology Also known as Cardiovascular System
Carries blood around the body
It is composed of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels
Works with respiratory system to oxygenate blood to the body

7. CARDIOLOGY
A PERSON’S HEART WILL BEAT APPROXIMATELY 100,000 TIMES A DAY, EVERY DAY
IMAGINE TRYING TO SQUEEZE A TENNIS BALL 70 TIMES A MINUTE…..THAT IS WHAT YOUR HEART DOES EVERYDAY
Why do you think your heart rate increases during exercise?????

8. Apex of Heart
Lowest tip of the organ that points downward at the base, forming what almost looks like a rounded point.
Strongest beat can be heard and even felt here!!!
Stethoscope – instrument used to hear the heartbeat

9. The Heart Size of a closed fist Weighs 12-13 oz
Location – thoracic cavity, pericardial cavity within the mediastinum

10. Structure Hollow, muscular, double pump that circulates blood
At rest = 2 oz blood with each beat, 5 qts./min., 75 gallons per hour
Ave = 72 beats per minute
100,000 beats per day
PERICARDIUM – double layer of fibrous tissue that surrounds the heart
MYOCARDIUM – cardiac muscle tissue, forms 4 chambers
ENDOCARDIUM – smooth inner lining of heart
SEPTUM – partition (wall) that separates right half from left half

11. CORONARY ARTERIES Supply the myocardium with oxygenated blood
Blockage OR Infarction of one of these arteries. Causes a Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Left main artery – called “widow maker” because it pumps blood to rest of artery

12. Structure
1. Aorta – takes blood away from left ventricle to rest of the body
2. Superior vena cava and 3. inferior vena cava – bring deoxygenated blood to right atrium
Pulmonary artery (6) – takes blood away from right ventricle to the lungs for O2
Pulmonary veins (7) – bring oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium

13. Chambers and Valves SEPTUM (11) divides into R and L halves
Upper chambers – RIGHT ATRIUM (4) and LEFT ATRIUM (5)
Lower chambers – RIGHT VENTRICLE (8) and LEFT VENTRICLE (9)
Four heart valves permit flow of blood in one direction

14. VALVES Tricuspid – 3 flaps or cusps – prevents backflow into R atrium
Pulmonary (12)– 3 flaps – prevents backflow into R ventricle
Mitral (bicuspid) (10) – 2 flaps – prevents backflow into L atrium
Aortic – prevents backflow into L ventricle

15. RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART DEOXYGENATED BLOOD SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
INFERIOR VENA CAVA
RIGHT ATRIUM
TRICUSPID VALVE
RIGHT VENTRICLE
PULMONARY SEMILUNAR VALVE
PULMONARY ARTERIES
RIGHT AND LEFT LUNGS

16. LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART OXYGENATED BLOOD PULMONARY VEINS LEFT ATRIUM
BICUSPID (MITRAL) VALVE
Left VENTRICLE
AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE
AORTA

17. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART The heart is a double pump
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART The heart is a double pump. When the heart beats…
Right Heart Deoxygenated blood flows into heart from vena cava  right atrium  tricuspid valve  right ventricle  pulmonary semilunar valve  pulmonary artery  lungs (for oxygen)
Left Heart Oxygenated blood flows from lungs via pulmonary veins  left atrium  mitral valve  left ventricle  aortic semilunar valve  aorta  general circulation (to deliver oxygen)

18. CARDIAC CYCLE Creates Heart sounds Heard through stethoscope
“LUB-DUB” sound
1st sound – longest and loudest (closure of AV valves)
2nd sound – closure of aortic and pulmonary valves
If valves do not close properly – you will hear an extra sound called a heart murmur

19. Heart Rate Measured in beats per minute Normal Heart Rate
Adults –
Abnormal Heart Rates
<60 BPM – Bradycardia
>100 BPM – Tachycardia
Your heart rate is: 70 BPM (70 beats per minute)

20. Heart Rate State if normal, bradycardia, tachycardia 176 BPM 44 BPM

21. THE CARDIAC CYCLE
SYSTOLE – CARDIAC CONTRACTION THE BLOOD IS FORCED OUT OF THE HEART TO THE LUNGS FOR OXYGENATION AND TO THE BODY FOR CIRCULATION (CONTRACTION)
DIASTOLE – CARDIAC RELAXATION THE BLOOD IS RETURNED TO THE HEART FROM THE LUNGS AND THE BODY (RELAXATION)

22. Blood Pressure Measured in mmHg (milimeters of mercury)
Normal Blood Pressure
Range /60-90
Systolic – pressure when your heart beats (top number)
Diastolic – pressure when your heart relaxes between beats (bottom number)

23. Blood Pressure High blood pressure Low blood pressure >140/90 mmHg
Hypertension
Low blood pressure
<90/60 mmHg
Hypotension

24. Blood Pressure
Blood pressure readings: State if normal, hypertensive or hypotensive
165/98 mmHg
78/44 mmHg
128/76 mmHg
220/126 mmHg
132/88 mmHg

25. Objective By the end of class, student will be able to
Understand main functions of the heart
Identify the 4 chambers of the heart and the 4 heart valves
Interpret the meaning of heart sounds and blood pressure