1. Figure 14-01

2. LE 14-2 Removed stamens from purple flower Transferred sperm-
bearing pollen from
stamens of white
flower to egg-
bearing carpel of
purple flower
Parental
generation
(P)
Stamens
Carpel
Pollinated carpel
matured into pod
Planted seeds
from pod
Examined
offspring:
all purple
flowers
First
generation
offspring
(F1)

3. Removed stamens from purple flower Transferred sperm-
LE 14-2a
Removed stamens
from purple flower
Transferred sperm-
bearing pollen from
stamens of white
flower to egg-
bearing carpel of
purple flower
Parental
generation
(P)
Stamens
Carpel
Pollinated carpel
matured into pod
Planted seeds
from pod

4. Examined offspring: all purple flowers First generation offspring (F1)
LE 14-2b
Examined
offspring:
all purple
flowers
First
generation
offspring
(F1)

5. (true-breeding parents) White flowers
LE 14-3
P Generation
(true-breeding
parents)
Purple
flowers
White
flowers
F1 Generation
(hybrids)
All plants had
purple flowers
F2 Generation

6. Table 14-1

7. Allele for purple flowers
Homologous
pair of
chromosomes
Locus for flower-color gene
Allele for white flowers

8. Purple flowers PP White flowers pp P p Purple flowers Pp
P Generation
Appearance:
Purple
flowers PP
White
flowers pp
Genetic makeup:
Gametes: P p
F1 Generation
Appearance:
Genetic makeup:
Purple flowers Pp

9. 3 : 1 LE 14-5_2 P Generation Appearance: Purple flowers PP White
Genetic makeup:
Gametes P p
F1 Generation
Appearance:
Genetic makeup:
Purple flowers Pp
Gametes: 1 2 P 1 2 p
F1 sperm P p
F2 Generation P PP Pp
F1 eggs p Pp pp 3
: 1

10. Phenotype Genotype PP (homozygous Purple 1 Pp (heterozygous 3 Purple 2
White 1
Ratio 3:1
Ratio 1:2:1

11. LE 14-7
Dominant phenotype,
unknown genotype:
PP or Pp?
Recessive phenotype,
known genotype: pp
If PP,
then all offspring
purple:
If Pp,
then 1 2 offspring purple
and 1 2 offspring white: p p p p P P Pp Pp Pp Pp P P Pp Pp pp pp

12. LE 14-8 P Generation YYRR yyrr Gametes YR yr YyRr F1 Generation
Hypothesis of
dependent
assortment
Hypothesis of
independent
assortment
Sperm 1 YR 1 Yr yR yr
Sperm 4 4 1 4 1 4
Eggs 1 YR yr 2 1 2 1 YR
Eggs 4
YYRR
YYRr
YyRR
YyRr 1 YR
F2 Generation
(predicted
offspring) 2
YYRR
YyRr 1 Yr 4
YYRr
YYrr
YyRr
Yyrr 1 yr 2
YyRr
yyrr 1 yR 4
YyRR
YyRr
yyRR
yyRr 3 4 1 4 1 yr 4
Phenotypic ratio 3:1
YyRr
Yyrr
yyRr
yyrr 9 16 3 16 3 16 3 16
Phenotypic ratio 9:3:3:1

13. Rr Rr Segregation of alleles into eggs Segregation of
alleles into sperm
Sperm 1 R 1 r 2 2 R R R r 1 R 2 1 1 4 4
Eggs r r R r 1 r 2 1 1 4 4

14. LE 14-10 P Generation Red CRCR White CWCW Gametes CR CW Pink CRCW
F1 Generation
Gametes 1 1 2 CR 2 CW
Sperm 1 2 CR 1 2 CW
Eggs
F2 Generation 1 CR 2
CRCR
CRCW 1 2 CW
CRCW
CWCW

15. P Generation Red CRCR White CWCW Gametes CR CW
LE 14-10a
P Generation
Red
CRCR
White
CWCW
Gametes CR CW

16. Pink CRCW F1 Generation Gametes CR CW
LE 14-10b
Pink
CRCW
F1 Generation
Gametes 1 CR 1 CW 2 2

17. Sperm CR CW Eggs F2 Generation CR CRCR CRCW CW CRCW CWCW
LE 14-10c
Sperm 1 CR 1 CW 2 2
Eggs
F2 Generation 1 CR 2
CRCR
CRCW 1 CW 2
CRCW
CWCW

18. Table 14-2

19. LE 14-11 BbCc BbCc Sperm BC bC Bc bc BC BBCC BbCC BBCc BbCc bC BbCC9 3 4 16 16 16

20. 20/64 15/64 6/64 1/64 LE 14-12 AaBbCc AaBbCc aabbcc Aabbcc AaBbcc
Fraction of progeny
6/64
1/64

21. Figure 14-13

22. Dominant trait (widow’s peak)
LE 14-14a
First generation
(grandparents) Ww ww ww Ww
Second generation
(parents plus aunts
and uncles) Ww ww ww Ww Ww ww
Third
generation
(two sisters) WW ww or Ww
Widow’s peak
No widow’s peak
Dominant trait (widow’s peak)

23. Recessive trait (attached earlobe)
LE 14-14b
First generation
(grandparents) Ff Ff ff Ff
Second generation
(parents plus aunts
and uncles)
FF or Ff ff ff Ff Ff ff
Third
generation
(two sisters) ff FF or Ff
Attached earlobe
Free earlobe
Recessive trait (attached earlobe)

24. Figure 14-15

25. Figure 14-16

26. LE 14-17a Amniocentesis Amniotic fluid withdrawn A sample of
amniotic fluid can
be taken starting at
the 14th to 16th
week of pregnancy.
Fetus
Centrifugation
Placenta
Uterus
Cervix
Fluid
Fetal
cells
Biochemical tests can be
performed immediately on
the amniotic fluid or later
on the cultured cells.
Biochemical
tests
Several
weeks
Fetal cells must be cultured
for several weeks to obtain
sufficient numbers for
karyotyping.
Karyotyping

27. LE 14-17b Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) A sample of chorionic villus
tissue can be taken as early
as the 8th to 10th week of
pregnancy.
Fetus
Suction tube
inserted through
cervix
Placenta
Chorionic villi
Fetal
cells
Biochemical
tests
Karyotyping and biochemical
tests can be performed on
the fetal cells immediately,
providing results within a day
or so.
Several
hours
Karyotyping

28. George Arlene Sandra Tom Sam Wilma Ann Michael Carla Daniel Alan Tina
LE 14-UN273
George
Arlene
Sandra
Tom
Sam
Wilma
Ann
Michael
Carla
Daniel
Alan
Tina
Christopher