1. Basic Separation Techniques
Filtration
Crystallization
Sedimentation
Distillation
Extraction
Chromatography
Note: all depend on physical properties of the substances in a mixture; no chemical changes occur

2. Filtration
Separates components of a mixture based upon differences in particle size. Normally separating a precipitate from a solution, or particles from an air stream.
Key step is purification of drinking water.
                                     

3. Crystallization
Separation is based upon differences in solubility of components in a mixture.
Here, the product is precipitated from solution as the solution cools.
Essential substances in computer chips and other electronic devices are purified by a type of crystallization.

5. Distillation
Separation is based upon differences in volatility, the tendency of a substance to become gas.
See next slide for diagram

7. Extraction
Separation is based upon differences in solubility in different solvents (major material).
See next slide for diagram

9. Chromatography
Separation is based upon differences in solubility in a solvent (mobile phase) versus a stationary phase.
Many types:
HPLC and GLC
Paper Chromatography
Column Chromatography