1. Thalamus Domina Petric, MD

2. Embriology
Thalamus is derived from the front part of the brain: the forebrain.
The forebrain is the prosencephalon.
Thalamus is derived from the part of the prosencephalon called diencephalon.
Diencephalon is between the telencephalon and mesencephalon.

3. Neural tube https://www.uoguelph.ca

4. Anterior nuclear group of thalamus
inner connections with the front part of the frontal lobe (prefrontal cortex)
especially with the cingulate gyrus

5. A-anterior part of the brain, prefrontal cortex
Anterior nuclear group of the thalamus:
connections with prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus.
A-anterior part
of the brain,
prefrontal cortex

6. Medial part of the thalamus
midline thalamic nuclei
medial nuclear group (mediodorsal nucleus)
connections with insular cortex and anterior part of the temporal lobe
Modulatory in function!

7. Anterior temporal lobe
Middle thalamus
Insula

8. Lateral nuclear group of the thalamus
ventral anterior (ventro-anterior)
lateral dorsal (latero-dorsal)
ventral lateral (ventro-lateral)
lateral posterior (latero-posterior)
ventral posterior lateral (ventro-postero-lateral)
Project to somatic sensory regions of the parietal cortex,
the visual regions of the occipital cortex,
the auditory structures in the temporal cortex
and motor structures in the posterior part of the frontal lobe.

9. Lateral nuclear group of the thalamus
Motor cortex
Somatosensory
cortex
Visual cortex
Auditory cortex
Lateral
nuclear
group
of the
thalamus
Emaze.com

10. Intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus
primarily modulatory in function

11. First order thalamic nucleus (nuclei)
First order thalamic nucleus (specific thalamic nucleus) recieves sensory or motor signals and sending inputs up to cortical network through specific and robust connections that terminate in the middle layers of the cerebral cortex.
Lateral nuclear group of the thalamus!

12. Higher order thalamic nucleus (nuclei)
Higher order thalamic nucleus recieves primary input, not from the ascending sensory or motor pathways, but from descending pathways that arise from the cerebral cortex.
These nuclei participate in cortical thalamal cortical loops: distribution of the signals from one region of the cortex to another through the connection in the thalamus.

13. Modulators of cortical function: non-specific thalamic nuclei
medial group of nuclei
intralaminar nuclei
project to the upper layers of cerebral cortex
modulation of the state of cortical network

14. Literature
Leonard E. White, PhD, Duke University