1. Questions: How does South Carolina justify its right to secede?

2. The Civil War ( )

3. Aim: Why did the Union win the Civil War?
Finally, after four years of fighting Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865

4. The Union & Confederacy in 1861

5. Secession!: Post Fort Sumter

6. The First Shots of the War!
Fort Sumter, South Carolina.

7. Advantages Confederacy= South Union= North
Directions: Complete the following chart by analyzing the following slides
Advantages
Confederacy= South
Union= North

8. Railroad Lines, 1860

9. Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

11. Rating the North & the South

12. Overview of Northern Advantages
Larger population
North 22 million
South Only 9 million
More ships
Larger, more efficient railroad system
Lincoln - Very intelligent and dedicated
More industry - 81% of nation’s factories
Better banking system to raise $ for the war
75% of nation’s wealth

13. Overview of Northern Advantages
Wealth produced:
Factory production
Textile goods produced
Iron production
Coal production
Farm acreage
Draft animals
Livestock
Wheat production
Corn production

14. Overview of Northern Disadvantages
Fought on Southern lands
Divided support for the war
Many believed the South had good chance of winning

15. Overview of Southern Advantages
Fighting a defensive war
Local support of all men
familiarity with terrain
Motivation: seeking independence, unified support
Short communication lines/ friendly population
Experienced officer corps- (Lee, Jackson, Pickett)
Cotton - necessary for textile factories of England and France
Slave Labor in the early part of the war

16. Overview of Southern Disadvantages
Smaller population
Few factories to manufacture weapons and supplies
Poor transportation system
Weak federal government = not strong enough to control Southern states
Jefferson Davis did not have complete power like Lincoln

17. Military Leadership Union Advantage The Confederacy Confederacy
Robert E. Lee
Winfield Scott
George McClellan
Ulysses S. Grant
Ambrose Burnside
Advantage
The Confederacy

18. The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens

19. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
Confederate officials began seizing federal-mint branches, arsenals, and military posts.
Fort Sumter was a Federal outpost in Charleston, SC.

20. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
Confederate forces asked for its surrender.
Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies.
Confederate cannons began firing on April 12, 1861. 
Fort Sumter fell 34 hours later.
The Civil War began.

21. Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy:
“Anaconda” Plan
Goal: surround the Confederacy and squeeze them into submission

22. The Anaconda Plan Capture Richmond and force surrender
Expel Confederates from border states
Control of the Mississippi River to Stop the transport of:
soldiers
Weapons
Ammunition
Clothes
Food
other supplies needed
Blockade southern ports to stop
cotton shipments
supplies from foreign nations

23. The “Anaconda” Plan

24. Southern Strategy
Goal: to be recognized as an independent nation in order to preserve their way of life
Defend its homeland, holding onto as much territory as possible until the North got tired of fighting
Capture Washington, D.C.
Control border states
Gain England's support
Expel Union troops from South

25. Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
25,000 casualties

26. President Lincoln

27. What was Lincoln’s initial objective in fighting the war?1
What was Lincoln’s initial objective in fighting the war?
"My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union"
The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln edited by Roy P. Basler, Volume V, "Letter to Horace Greeley" (August 22, 1862), p. 388.

28. The Emancipation Proclamation

29. Emancipation in 1863

30. Emancipation Proclamation
"That on the 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.

31. The Famous 54th Massachusetts

32. Location: Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Battle of Gettysburg
Date(s): July 1-3, 1863
Location: Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Objective: Lee went on the offensive and hoped that a decisive victory on Northern soil would force Lincoln into surrendering
Outcome: Confederates are forced to retreat resulting in a Union victory. The battle is seen as a turning point in the war because the Confederacy never recovered from causalities it suffered.

33. The Turning Point

35. Gettysburg Address Considered one of the most important speeches
Purpose of speech was to honor the soldiers that lost their lives
Concerned about the future of country. Have to win war to assure freedom and equality can be protected for all

36. Was Lincoln’s use of power justified?
Lincoln’s Action
Amendment broken or Civil Right violated
Imprisoned suspects without charging them with a crime. No Trials
Suspended Habeas Corpus
Limited freedom of speech and press
1st Amendment
6th Amendment-
Right to trial by peers
Tried civilians in military courts
Did President Lincoln violate his Constitutional powers? No
Yes

37. Question: Explain why Lincoln would be giving his thumbs up (approval) to President Bush?

38. The North Initiates the Draft, 1863

39. Buy Your Way Out of Military Service

40. Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC

41. NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)

42. Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864

43. 1864 Election
Pres. Lincoln (R)
George McClellan (D)

44. Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865
Finally, after four years of fighting Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865

45. Casualties on Both Sides

46. Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

47. Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

48. The Assassin
John Wilkes Booth

49. The Assassination

50. WANTED!!

51. The Execution

52. NOW WHAT