1. Solar energy drives the world’s climate…
Soil Temperature Dynamics: Forcing
Solar energy drives the world’s climate…
Of the radiation received at the surface of the atmosphere:
8 % scattered by atmosphere
17% reflected by clouds = f(cloud albedo)
6% reflected by earth’s surface = f (sfc albedo)
19% absorbed by greenhouse gases (as well as longwave radiation from surface)
Leaves 46% absorbed by the earth’s surface  which goes to heating the surface or evaporation.
= processes altered by human activities

2. Soil Temperature Profiles
Diurnal vertical heat transmission from solar inputs
 Follow downward heat pulses

3. Heat transmission from fire event

4. Seasonal vertical heat transmission  note dampening and lag of signal
Seasonal vertical heat transmission
 note dampening and lag of signal

5. Seasonal vertical heat transmission
note convergence on annual mean T at depth
compare x- & y- axis scales with diurnal profiles

6. Borehole Temperatures Annual to centennial vertical heat transmission
T record reconstruction
from signal unmixing

8. Boulder annual T record  for comparison with our field measures