1. 2MASS Reveals a Large Intrinsic Fraction of BALQSOs
Xinyu Dai Francesco Shankar & Gregory R. Sivakoff
(Accepted by ApJ, arxiv:0704:2882)
The Ohio State University
November 24, 2018
CCAPP AGN Workshop

2. Why Study BALQSOs?: Understanding the AGN Zoo
Quasars
Radio Galaxies
QSOs
Blazars
Seyferts
Disney ©2004
November 24, 2018
CCAPP AGN Workshop

3. Why Study BALQSOs?: Quasar Outflows and Feedback
MBlack Hole , Mbulge , M Halo Related
Recent Galaxy Evolution Models Require Feedback
BAL Winds Natural Candidate of QSO Feedback
Standard CDM has SF in smaller galaxies that merge SCUBA/MAMBO surface density of massive galaxies at large z.
Granato et al 2004
November 24, 2018
CCAPP AGN Workshop

4. Intrinsic BALQSO Fraction: A Key Question
Geometric Models: Opening Angle
Evolutionary Models: BAL Phase Time
Related to the Total Energy Released from AGN Feedback
November 24, 2018
CCAPP AGN Workshop

5. BALQSO Fractions in Previous Studies
LBQS, ~10% (Weymann et al. 1991)
FIRST, ~14-18% (Becker et al. 2000)
Gravitationally-Lensed Quasar Sample, ~35% (Chartas 2000)
SDSS EDR, ~15% (Tolea et al. 2002)
LBQS, ~15% (Hewett & Foltz 2003)
SDSS EDR, ~13.4% (Reichard et al. 2003)
SDSS DR3, ~26% (Trump et al. 2006)
Issues
Definition
Sample Size
Selection Biases
Absorption Troughs and Dust Extinction in BALQSOs
 ~22% after correction
November 24, 2018
CCAPP AGN Workshop

6. SDSS: Largest BALQSO Catalog To Date
Trump et al. (2006) IDs 4386 BALQSOs (DR3)
Broader BALQSO Definition (AI Index)
Absorption Trough: >10%
Continuous Width: >1000 km/s
Velocity Range: km/s
26.00.3% BALQSO Fraction
[10.40.2% Traditional BI Index]
November 24, 2018
CCAPP AGN Workshop

7. Extinction and Absorption Troughs Play a Role
E(B-V)=0.023
SMC-Like Dust
Redder Bands
Reichard et al 2003
November 24, 2018
CCAPP AGN Workshop

8. Combined SDSS/2MASS Sample
BAL Fraction
J: 37.74.2%
H: 35.64.5%
K: 40.43.4%
Trump et al.
26.00.3%
November 24, 2018
CCAPP AGN Workshop

9. Fraction of BALQSOs: Apparent Magnitude
1.7 < z < 4.38
1.7 < z < 2.5
November 24, 2018
CCAPP AGN Workshop

10. Fraction of BALQSOs: Absolute Magnitude
1.7 < z < 4.38
1.7 < z < 2.5
November 24, 2018
CCAPP AGN Workshop

11. Understanding the Difference
Intrinsic LFs of BAL and non-BAL differ only in Normalization
2MASS
Small Obscuration in BALQSOs
Optical
Large Obscuration in BALQSOs
Non-BAL
BAL
BAL obsc
November 24, 2018
CCAPP AGN Workshop

12. A Large Intrinsic Fraction of BALQSOs
43± 2% Under AI Definition
20 ± 2% Under BI Definition
Consistent with Hewett & Foltz (2003) of 22 ± 4% (corrected fraction and using BI definition)
November 24, 2018
CCAPP AGN Workshop

13. Conclusions The fraction of BALQSOs is dependent on the definition.
The 2MASS fractions more accurately reflect the intrinsic BALQSO fractions, given a certain definition.
BI: 10% raw  20% intrinsic
AI: 26% raw  43% intrinsic
More General Outflowing AGNs:
50% raw  60% intrinsic (Ganguly & Brotherton 2007, arxiv:0710:0588, today)
November 24, 2018
CCAPP AGN Workshop

14. Implications of a Large Fraction
BALQSOs are No Longer A Minor Component
Larger Number of Outflowing AGN
Total feedback energy
Wider Semi-Opening Angle
6° (10%)  24° (43%)
Dynamical Challenge?
More challenging when considering the obscured AGNs and BALQSOs together
Both have large fractions
Difficult to arrange them simultaneously
November 24, 2018
CCAPP AGN Workshop

15. Future Directions SDSS DR5 (77429 QSOs)
Deeper IR Surveys (UKIDSS, AGES)
BAL Fractions in Less Luminous Quasars
Larger Number of SEDs
BAL Fractions in Radio Bands
Theoretical Modeling
Wind Dynamics
Feedback
Constraining Evolutionary Models
November 24, 2018
CCAPP AGN Workshop