1. Regional and local INSAR displacement maps
Satellite based radar scenes of the site were collected multiple times over a three month interval in 2006 to determine whether surface deflation was occurring in response to hydrocarbon production in the area. INSAR observations revealed strong coherence between images but no surface deformation. The experiment demonstrated the viability of the technique. The partnership is currently collecting monthly images to compliment surface tiltmeter observations over the site.
INSAR experiment designed to detect production induced surface subsidence
EM survey
Terrain conductivity response, PFC tracer and soil gas sampling locations
Surface observations included acquisition of over 50 line-kilometers of EM data displayed on QuickBird image at left. The near-surface EM response was used to help identify potential near-surface fracture zones. Placement of additional tracer and soil gas sample points was recommended based on complimentary surface fracture mapping and distribution of low-conductivity anomalies (blue areas in image at left).

2. SWP Vertical Seismic Profile
Synthetic seismic response of the logged intervals 300 feet to 2890 subsurface.
Fast shear azimuth inferred from the Schlumberger Sonic Scanner trends roughly perpendicular to the axis of the basin.
Rose diagram of drilling induced break outs observed in the Schlumberger FMI log.
Detailed logging of the injection well included FMI log for detailed fracture characterization and the sonic scanner for mechanical properties and sonic anisotropy. One zero offset and three offset VSPs were also collected prior to injection. The offset VSPs will be reacquired following injection to determine whether the presence of CO2 can be detected and its movements monitored. VSP images may also yield evidence of small scale faults and fracture zones and help the NETL MMV team interpret post-injection tracer and soil gas observations. Geophysical logging and VSP imaging will help other NETL and SWP researchers develop geomechanical and flow simulations.
Logging and synthetic seismogram
Pre-injection zero offset VSP corridor stack along with the offset CDP stacks at three offsets shown on the location map. VSP surveys were collected as part of the Southwest Regional Partnership MM&V program. The data were processed by Schlumberger. (VSP displays, courtesy of Schlumberger, 2008).
SWP Vertical Seismic Profile
Three offset VSPs and one zero offset VSP were collected at the site prior to injection. The source point locations are shown on the QuickBird image at left (red circles). The orange circle has a diameter of 1500 feet, the optimal VSP source offset. Presence of archaeologically sensitive areas at the site limited our choice of offsets, with one exception, to distances greater than 1500 feet along less than optimal azimuths. The image at left also shows locations of wells, NETL tracer and soil gas sample points and titlmeters