1. What is Ecology?

2. What is Ecology??
The study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment.

3. Habitat & Niche Habitat is the place an organism lives
Niche is an organism’s total way of life

4. The Nonliving Environment
Abiotic factors- the nonliving parts of an organism’s environment.
Examples include air currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil.

5. The Living Environment
Biotic factors -all the living organisms that inhabit an environment.
All organisms depend on others directly or indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction, or protection.

6. Abiotic or Biotic?
Biotic

7. Abiotic or Biotic?
Abiotic

8. Abiotic or Biotic?
Abiotic

9. Abiotic or Biotic?
Biotic

10. DO NOW Put these words in order: Paragraph Words Sentences Chapters
Book

11. Levels of Organization

12. What are the Simplest Levels?
Atom
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism

13. 1st Level of Organization
Organism: An individual living thing that is made of cells, uses energy, reproduces, responds, grows, and develops

14. 2nd Level of Organization
Population: A group of organisms, all of the same species, which interbreed and live in the same place at the same time.

15. 3rd Level of Organization
Biological Community: All the populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time.

16. 4th Level of Organization
Ecosystem: Populations of plants and animals that interact with each other in a given area with the abiotic components of that area. (terrestrial or aquatic)

17. 5th Level of Organization
Biosphere: The portion of Earth that supports life.
Air, Land, and Water

18. What level of organization?
Organism

19. What level of Organization?
Community

20. What level of Organization?
Population

21. DO NOW
List an example of an abiotic factor and a biotic factor in an ecosystem.
Put these words in the correct order
Organism
Tissue
Cells
Organ system

22. Food Chains and Food Webs
What is the difference?

23. What does a food chain represent?
A flow of energy!!

24. Ecological (Energy) Pyramid

25. Ecological Pyramid

26. Transfer of Energy
When a zebra eats the grass, it does not obtain all of the energy the grass has (much of it is not digested)
When a lion eats a zebra, it does not get all of the energy from the zebra (much of it is lost as heat)

27. Transfer of Energy
The two (2) previous examples of energy transfer show that no organism EVER receives all of the energy from the organism they just ate
Only 10% of the energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next – this is called the 10% law

28. Biomass
The total mass of the organic matter at each trophic level is called biomass
Biomass is just another term for potential energy – energy that is to be eaten and used.

29. Biomass

30. Trophic Levels
Energy moves from one organisms to another when it is eaten
Each step in this transfer of energy is known as a trophic level

31. Trophic Levels
Producers -- Organisms that make their own energy (autotroph)
Primary Consumers – eat autotrophs (producers)
Secondary Consumers – eat the primary consumers
Tertiary Consumers – eat the secondary consumers
Decomposers – bacteria and fungi that break down dead organisms and recycle the material back into the environment

32. Food Web

33. Food Web
Notice that the direction the arrow points  the arrow points in the direction of the energy transfer, NOT “who ate who”

34. Food Web

35. Ecological Pyramid Which level has the most energy?
Which level has the most organisms?
Which level has the least organisms?
Which level has the least energy?

36. DO NOW
Why do predictions about changes in an ecosystem have a high degree of uncertainty?

37. Population Density Number of organisms in an area of a specific size.
Fifty mice, 2500 grasshoppers, and ten rabbits live in an area 1 km². What is the population density of rabbits?
10 rabbits per km²

38. Limiting Factor
Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the number of individuals.

39. Carrying Capacity
The largest number of individuals a habitat can support and maintain for a long period of time.

40. Symbiosis Any close relationship between living organisms.
Is this always beneficial?
No, sometimes only one benefits and the other is harmed.

41. Commensalism
a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not affected
Example: Barnacles on a whale

42. Mutualism
a relationship in which both organisms benefit from each other
Example: Birds eating pest off a rhino’s back

43. Parasitism
A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed
Example: Ticks on a

44. DO NOW What is symbiosis?
Are all relationships beneficial to all organisms?
What are the three types of symbiosis?

45. Ecological Succession
A change in the community in which new populations of organisms gradually replace existing ones
1. Primary Succession – occurs in an area where there is no soil.
The first community to move into the new environment is called the pioneer community.

47. Secondary Succession
Secondary Succession – occurs in an area that had soil and was once the home of living organisms, but was destroyed.

49. Climax Community
A community that is stable and has a great diversity of organisms.
The area has reached the final stages of ecological succession and is no longer changing unless something drastic occurs such as a fire.

50. Can you make a food web showing the feeding relationships between the following arctic organisms?
Wolf
Caribou, musk oxen, arctic hares, lemmings, arctic fox
Caribou
Plants (grass and lichen)
Lemming
Plants (berries, lichens, seeds)
Arctic fox
Lemmings, hares,
Polar bear
Seals, lemmings, arctic fox
Arctic hare
Plants (willow)
Musk oxen
Plants (grass, lichen, willow)

52. Do Now
What would happen to the deer population if there were no predators?
What affect would this have on the predators?
Deer population would increase

53. Objective
To graph and determine the relationship between predator and prey.

54. +200
-140
-116
-150
-126
-52
+46
+20
+30

57. Do Now – (To be collected)
What is the relationship between
predator and prey?

58. Balance of Nature
population equilibrium among organisms and their environments resulting from continuous interaction and interdependency
Wolves in Yellowstone park