1. PRESENTED TO: DR.ARSHAD PRESENTED BY: M.UMAIR ASGHAR MPHILL 1 ST SEMESTER Introduction to Biochemistry

7. BiochemistryOrdinary Chemistry Biochemical reactions takes place within cells and in their internal compartments Ordinary chemical reactions proceeds in reaction vessels made up of Non-biological material, enormous in size compared to molecules Biochemical reactions requires low and constant Tem and Pressure Ordinary Reactions requires high Tem and Pressure No required strong reagents and energyRequired strong reagents and electrical energy Reactions carried out in aqueous mediumReactions carried out in organic solvents They occurs within a narrowly buffered pH rangesReactions occurs at high pH Complex and highly orderedSimple reactions Living things transfer their environment (extract energy) Required Electrical energy and strong reagents

14. Biochemistry deals with chemical process that found in microorganism, plants, insects, fish, birds, mammals and human beings. It is laboratory base science that brings together biology and chemistry.by using chemical knowledge and techniques biochemist can understand and solve the biological problems. Study of viral genes has provided information about cancer. Genetic analysis and manipulation could be possible after the development of rDNA technology which emerged from studies on bacteria and viruses. Biochemistry of hereditary material, nucleic acid has been known as heart of genetics and use of knowledge of his genetic material has been explored many important and valuable areas of biochemistry. Applications of Biochemistry

15. Most of drugs are metabolized by enzyme catalyzed reactions and are best understood biochemically. Best aspect of pathology such as inflammation, cell injury and cancer have been studied biochemically. Many people rely on taking multivitamins and minerals for better health,the function and role of vitamins is only described by Biochemistry Applications of Biochemistry

18. Human and almost all animals must ingest a no. of complex organic molecules known as vitamins for normal growth and health.in their absence or deficiency many reactions are inhibited, disorders resulting in disturbance in normal physiology of body.e.g scurvy is caused by deficiency of vit.c and rickets caused by deficiency of vit.D. Cause of mental retardation was known to be due to phenylketonemia which may be due to absence of enzymes that catalyze conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.as a result elevation level of phenylalanine in blood, resulting in damage to developing CNS. Nutrition

25. Reciprocal relationship b/w biochemistry and medicine e.g. understanding mechanism of genetic disease has been explored by studying nucleic acid.study of sickle cell hemoglobin has provided insight into function of normal hemoglobin and other proteins... Relationship of lipid metabolism with atherosclerosis or DM with carbohydrates metabolism could possible after deep understanding of biochemistry. Importance of Biochemistry in Medicine

27. rDNA technology allows genes to be moved invitro from one location to another in a chromosome. Genes may be even synthesized and or rearranged in vitro.these can be used to transform organisms and produce new genotype. Biochemical consequences to the intact organism of changing only a single gene then can be assessed. Importance of Biochemistry in Biotechnology