1. Introduction
Toefl

2. Toefl
TOEFL scores help university admissions staff determine whether a prospective student`s skills in English are adequate for the program in which they want to enroll.
Students use TOEFL to gain entrance to schools in the UK and other European countries, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan, South Korea, in addition to the United States and Canada.
The TOEFL iBT replaces the former computer-based test (CBT) and the paper and pencil (PBT) versions.

3. Toefl
There is NO minimum passing score on the TOEFL iBT, as individual universities determine standards from department to department.
For example, whether you apply as a graduate or undergraduate student will determine what TOEFL scores you will need at particular universities
Toefl and Ielts test the same fundamentals but in different ways.

4. Language Learning
Language learning focused on learning about the language (especially grammar), and students would receive high scores on tests without having the ability to communicate.
Teachers and learners understand the importance of learning to use English to communicate, and activities that focus on communication and integrating skills are very popular in many English language programs.
Before the paper based test
Now the internet based test

5. IBT
Preparation for the exam will help students build language skills they will need in actual academic settings and communicate with confidence.

6. IBT New integrated tasks ask test takers to
read, listen, and then speak in response to a question
listen and then speak in response to a question
read, listen, and then write in response to a question

7. The iBT includes a speaking section of 6 tasks.
Test takers listen to a lecture and take notes.
When the lecture stops, a question is asked.
The test taker will have about 20 seconds to prepare a response, and …will then speak in to the mic provided at the computer.

8. There are four writing tasks
The new test requires a response to a question posed after
reading a passage and
listening to a lecture on a similar topic.
This is called the integrated writing task.

9. Independent Writing Task
The second writing task involves writing an opinion essay.  
The topic is always something that is personal and familiar to the test taker.

10. Format of the iBT The test is about four hours long and consists of four sections:
TEST SECTION NUMBER OF QUESTIONS
Reading 3-5 passages, questions each
Listening 4-6 lectures, 6 questions each
2-3 conversations, 5 questions each
BREAK minutes
Speaking 6 tasks
Writing 1 integrated task independent task

11.   Reading
No particular academic knowledge is needed to do well on the iBT; all the information necessary to answer the questions is contained in the passage.

12. Reading
What is the Reading section like? The Reading section includes three or four reading passages. There are 12 to 14 questions per passage. You have from 60 to 80 minutes to answer all the questions in the section.
TOEFL iBT Reading passages are excerpts from university-level textbooks that would be used in introductions to a discipline or topic. The passages will cover a variety of different subjects. Don't worry if you're unfamiliar with the topic of a passage. All the information you need to answer the questions will be in the passage.

13. First, you will read through the entire reading passage
Upon completion of reading the passage, a series of questions will appear

14. Listening
In academic environments students need to listen to lectures and conversations.
Listening materials in the new test include both.

15. Listening
What is the Listening section like? The Listening section includes questions about academic lectures and long conversations in which the speech sounds very natural. You can take notes on any listening material throughout the entire test. The Listening section is composed of:
Four to six lectures, each three to five minutes long, six questions per lecture, 60 to 90 minutes
Two to three conversations, each three minutes long, five questions per conversation, 60 to 90 minutes

16. Lectures
Pictures accompany the lectures, so that the test taker has an assimilated environment to relate to.
In some lectures, the professor will do all the talking.
In other lectures, the professor may engage students in discussion.

17. NOTE TAKING IS ALLOWED
… but all papers will be shredded before the test taker leaves the test center.

18. a professor or graduate assistant the director of student housing
Role model conversations to expand vocabulary in these common groups of discussion would be helpful.
a professor or graduate assistant
the director of student housing
a university librarian
a bookstore employee
a departmental administrative assistant

19. Conversations in an academic setting
Conversations are evolved around student life, and
can be had with any of the following faculty or
support staff at a university

20. Writing
A passage of words is read in 3 minutes.
The reading is then followed by a short lecture of about 2 minutes.
A question relating the two of the above is given, and
What is left of the 20 minutes is given to write a summary response.
A good response will be about 250 words in length.
There is ONE integrated writing task on the iBT. This is what to expect:
Integrated
Writing Task

21. Independent Writing Task
The second writing task is an independent writing task. Here is what to expect: A general statement will be made about a topic that easily relates to university students.
The question will ask for an opinion.
The opinion must be supported by
Examples
Reasons
Personal views
Familiar topic
Supported opinion

22. Writing
How are Writing responses scored? Writing responses are scored holistically on a scale of 0 to 5. The average score on the two tasks is converted to a scaled score of 0 to 30.
You're not expected to produce a comprehensive essay about a specialized topic — your response is recognized as a first draft. You can receive a high score with an essay that contains some errors.

23. Writing
What is the Writing section like? The total time for the Writing section is 50 minutes. You are asked to write responses to two writing tasks: an integrated Writing task and an independent Writing task.
Integrated Writing task (20 minutes) — read a short passage and listen to a short lecture. Then write in response to what you read and listened to.
Independent Task (30 minutes) — write an essay in response to a Writing topic.

24. Speaking There are six speaking tasks.
The first two tasks are independent speaking tasks that focus on familiar topics.
The remaining four tasks will combine more than one skill when responding

25. Speaking
The Speaking section is approximately 20 minutes long and includes six questions.
The first two questions are called "independent Speaking tasks" because they require you to draw entirely on your own ideas, opinions and experiences when you respond.
The other four questions are called "integrated Speaking tasks" because they require you to integrate your English-language skills — listening and speaking or listening, reading and speaking — just as you would in or out of a classroom.
You will speak into the microphone on your headset and your responses will be recorded and sent to the ETS Scoring Network, where they will be scored by certified human raters.

26. Speaking
How are my Speaking responses scored? Your recorded responses are sent to the ETS Scoring Network, where three to six certified human raters score them holistically on a scale of 0 to 4. The average score on the six tasks is converted to a scaled score of 0 to 30.
Raters do not expect your responses to be perfect, and even high-scoring responses may contain occasional errors. Your pronunciation does not need to sound like that of a native speaker of English. The raters are listening for the effectiveness of your communication and your ability to accomplish the tasks you are given.

27. Speaking
You will listen to and read something brief.
You may take notes.
you will respond to a question asked about the reading and listening materials.
You will wear a headset and microphone to record your response.
The response is digitally recorded and sent to the ETS Online Scoring Network

28. Scoring
Rubrics serve as guides for fair and consistent scoring, with the total number of points given below for each component:
Listening
Reading
Speaking
Writing
TOTAL SCORE

29. Speaking Scores
Speaking responses are rated by no less than three raters.
Writing responses are rated by at least two raters.
Speakers are rated for:
Topic development
Delivery
Language use

30. Equally Important is whether you have:
addressed the task
conveyed relevant supporting information
effectively synthesized and summarized the task
utilized a respectable range of vocabulary and grammar

31. Integrated Writing The integrated writing response is scored on. . .
Organization
Appropriate and precise use of vocabulary and grammar
Completeness and accuracy of content

32. Independent Writing
The independent writing essay is scored on overall quality,
and is rated on the writer’s ability to:
develop a cogent perspective
organize
Use appropriate and precise vocabulary and grammar

33. Writing is scored by two raters.
However, if the two raters vary by more than one point with their scores, a third rater will determine the final score.
Final scores are available online 15 business days following the test.
Feedback for areas of improvement is included.

34. The Overview is now ended!
After a short break, we will begin teacher training in each of the four disciplines. Thank you!

35. TOEFL iBT Reading In this next section, Basic Information questions
each reading passage and its questions are referred to as a set.
Each set covers three basic areas of reading questions:
Basic Information questions
Inferences, and
Reading to Learn questions

36. Within each set, test takers can expect 11 to 13 questions on basic information and inferences, and
one question within the reading to learn category.
There are 10 question types on the reading portion of the iBT:

37. Skill 1: Vocabulary (page 10)
Vocabulary questions ask which answer is closest in meaning to a word or phrase in the passage.
The key to scoring well in vocabulary is selecting the word most appropriate within the context of the passage.

38. Skill 2: Reference Questions (page 17)
The usual reference question is between a pronoun and its antecedent, or
to other grammatical references, such as which or this.

39. Skill 3: Sentence Simplification Questions (page 26)
This form of question asks for a match of a concise and complete paraphrasing of a highlighted portion of a passage.
Not every set contains a sentence simplification question.
When one is presented, there will only be one question in the full set.

40. Skill 4: Insert Text Questions (page 35)
What
These questions ask the test taker to insert a sentence or phrase into the most logical section of a reading passage.
Where
The passage will show four black boxes scattered throughout a highlighted portion of a passage.
Tip
They most often appear either at the beginning or at the full end of a sentence.

41. Skill 5: Factual Information Questions (page 49)
This type of question focuses on
facts
details and
definitions, which were mentioned in a particular section of the reading passage that is highlighted.

42. Skill 6: Negative Factual Information Questions (page 56)
These questions ask for verification of what information is true and
what information is not true within a passage, based on information that is explicitly stated.
Answers are found by verifying the truth of three of the four answers in the passage.
The answer that either has not been discussed or has been proven false is the correct choice.

43. Skill 7: Inference (page 70)
These questions measure a reader’s ability to understand an argument that is strongly implied but not explicitly stated.
It tests the ability of the reader to understand logical implications that go beyond the ability to explain the author’s words.
One example statement within a passage might cite an effect;
the inference question will ask for the likely cause.

44. Skill 8: Rhetorical Purpose (page 76)
In factual information contexts, we ask the question what.
but in rhetorical purpose questions, we ask why the author has presented a particular piece of information.
Matching theory with a relevant illustration is an example of this type of questioning.

45. Skill 9: Prose Summary Questions (page 91)
These questions ask test takers to select the best overall synthesis of a reading passage.
Spotting major ideas and an author’s intentions are components to recognizing the most appropriate answer in this category.

46. Skill 10: Fill in a Table Questions (page 98)
Statements are dragged from the multiple choice area to a chart
These questions are taxonomic in value
and then dropped within the appropriate grouping
They require that test takers drag and drop answer choices to their proper place within a classification table.

47. Time to talk
Let’s take a few minutes to review the types of questions that appear on the Reading Section of the iBT.
How could developing skills in these areas help improve a student’s performance at university or a professional’s effectiveness at work?

48. Reading practice
What sort of reading practice or activities would you implement in your TOEFL classroom?
The idea is to teach and coach your students along!
We do not want their heads buried in the ETS book, but to use it as a pivot point.
Mind map a game plan with a partner for exercising three of the question types we have just covered.

49. iBT Listening The Listening component of the iBT is comprised of
4 to 6 lectures, and
2 to 3 conversations
It takes between 60 and 90 minutes to complete.

50. Lecture response
Each lecture will be 4 to 6 minutes long, and will authentically cover academic topics.
Lecture content is often based on the following topics:
Arts Life Science Physical Science Social Science

51. Arts
architecture; industrial design; city planning; crafts and canvas art; music and music history; photography; literature and authors; books, newspapers, magazines, and journals.

52. Life Science
extinction or conservation efforts for animals and plants; fish and other aquatic organisms; bacteria and other one-celled organisms; viruses; medical techniques; public health; physiology of sensory organs; biochemistry; animal behavior; habitats and the adaption of plants and animals to them; nutrition and its impact on the body; animal communication.

53. Physical Science
weather and atmosphere; oceanography; glaciers and their landforms; deserts and other extreme environments; pollution; alternative energy; environmental policy; atmospheres on other planets; astronomy and cosmology; properties of light and optics; properties of sound; electromagnetic radiation; particle physics; technology of tv, radio, radar; maths; chemistry of inorganic things; computer science; seismology (plate tectonics, earthquakes, continental drift, structure of volcanoes)

54. Social Science
anthropology of non-industrialized civilizations; early writing systems; historical linguistics; business management; mass communication; social behavior of groups, community dynamics, communal behavior; child development; education; modern history

55. Types of Questions
Most of the test questions will be multiple choices with one correct answer; however, some questions will differ and include:
Multiple choice with MORE than one answer
Questions that ask you to put events in order
Questions that ask you to put steps of a process in order
Questions that have you match objects or text to categories in a table (just as you did in Skill 10 of Reading)

56. Test takers should take notes while listening to lecture material, so they can respond thoroughly.

57. Each conversation is followed by 5 questions.
Conversations
The conversation components to the new iBT will focus on campus life at universities and will most likely evolve around
Office hours (appointments, meeting with advisors, departmental matters)
Service (dormitory life, library assistance, student academic advising, course registration)
Each conversation is followed by 5 questions.

58. TOEFL Listening Question Types
Basic Comprehension Questions
Gist for overall content (main idea)
Gist for the purpose of a lecture or a conversation (why)
Details you are required to understand and remember (examples and support)

59. Pragmatic Understanding Questions
Understanding the function of what is said (implications, inferences, purposes that go beyond words uttered)
Understanding the speaker’s attitude (interpret speaker’s tone of voice)

60. Connecting Information Questions
Understanding organization (determining lecturer’s organization and presentation of points)
Connecting content (understanding the relationships among ideas in a text)
Making inferences (reaching a conclusion based on facts given in a lecture)

61. Five Basic Tips
Take notes. Only major points will be tested, so do not bother writing down lots of details.
While listening to a lecture, pay attention to new words or concepts introduced by the professor. These will often be tested.
Listen carefully to the way the lecture is structured and the ways the ideas in the lectures are connected.
Questions must be answered in order. On the Listening component, no one is permitted to go back and change an answer.
Choose the best answer. The computer will ask you to confirm your choice, so after you click yes you must go on to the next question.

62. More Tips for listening well…
Constantly seek ways to increase your vocabulary through films, dvds, radio programming
Focus on a speaker’s content and flow – do not be distracted by the speaker’s style and delivery.
Anticipate the direction of the lecture and anticipate what is coming next.
Be an active listener by asking yourself question (What is the main idea or inference?)
Copy the words main idea, major points, and important details on a good size piece of paper and then jot down notes in the proper categories as you listen.
Listen to lectures or talk radio often, and then summarize in writing what you recall –tune in to

63. Listen for purpose
Always listen for the purpose of a lecture or conversation.
Why is this talk going on?
What does the tone of voice tell you?
Can you hear implied references to degrees of certainty?

64. Listen for . . . CLUES STRESS INTONATION SIGNAL WORDS
Listen for clues as to whether the speaker is moving away from the topic and understand why the speaker is moving on to new areas.
Listen to stress and intonation to get clues as to what the speaker is emphasizing.
Listen for signal words: first, next, for example, although, however, to the contrary, in addition to, etc.

65. Listen for depth and breadth.
Create outlines of talks you hear in English – debates and news.
Listen for words that show connections or relationships:
for example,
to the contrary,
on the other hand,
similarly.
Listen for relationships, such as cause and effect\ compare and contrast, steps in a process.
relationships
connections
predictions
outlines
Stop and guess what will happen next
Stop the MP3 and guess what happens next!

66. Listening Skills Page 125 Skill 1 understanding the gist.
Page 130 Skill 2 understanding the details.
Page 139 Skill 3 understanding the function.
Page 148 Skill 4 understanding the speaker’s stance.
Page 160 Skill 5 understanding the organisation.
Page 168 Skill 6 understand relationships.

67. iBT Speaking Personal experience Campus life Academic material
The speaking section will take about 20 minutes to complete. The response time allowed for each question will range from 45 to 60 seconds. In the speaking section you will be asked six questions:

68. Six speaking questions
The first two questions will be Independent Speaking Tasks.
These will ask you to draw on your own life experience for responses.
The next four questions will all be Integrated Speaking Tasks.
You will listen to either a lecture or a conversation.
The audio will stop and you will then be given a question to respond to.

69. Note-taking Delivery - speaking clearly
Test takers may take notes, and will be scored on the bases of:
Delivery - speaking clearly
Language Use – using language well
Topic Development - answering the question completely and accurately

70. Personal Experience
Test takers will be asked to DESCRIBE SOMETHING for 45 seconds, and will be given about 15 seconds to prepare their response.
Common topics have been:
A place they would like to visit
An important event in their lives
A person who influenced them
An enjoyable activity

71. Integrated Questions 3
A brief paragraph approximately 75 to 100 words in length about campus life is presented.
It is then followed by a conversation, which is often between two students who share opinions on the printed component.
This portion of the listening lasts between 60 and 80 seconds.
After reading and listening, a question is posed.
The test taker is given 60 seconds to give an oral response.
The topics are usually centered on university policies, rules or procedures, campus facilities, university plans, or campus life.

72. Integrated Question 4
Test takers will be given a reading passage of about 75 to 100 words in length.
The reading will be rather abstract and theoretical.
The lecturer will expand the topic and focus on and example or counter-example.
A question is presented and
the test taker will have 30 seconds to prepare a response.
60 seconds is allowed to give the response.

73. Question 5 The question will ask for a description of the conversation
AND
the test taker’s point of view on the issue.
This question has no reading component, but will be a conversation that is followed by a question.
The topic is usually a campus-related problem or issue of relative importance.

74. Question 6
This question is based on academic content. On this question the test taker will:
Listen to a brief portion of a lecture, and
Answer a question about the content.

75. Strategies for taking the Speaking component. Ask these questions:
Did I completely answer the question?
Did I speak clearly?
Did I make grammatical errors?
Did I use words correctly?
Did I organize my ideas clearly and appropriately?
Did I provide a complete response?

76. A few more questions to ask....
Did I use the time effectively?
Did I speak too fast?
Did I speak too slowly?
Did I pause too often?
Did I use enough volume?

77. iBT Writing There are two tasks in the writing component of the TOEFL:
The Integrated Writing Task
The Independent Writing Task

78. The Integrated Writing Task
A reading passage of about 3 minutes in length is given.
Generally, the reading is theoretical.
An audio of a short lecture follows on the same topic.
The audio is most often an example.
A question is presented:
It asks for a summary or a comparison on some particular facet of the two passages.
It could ask for contradictions between the two passages.

79. Examples
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they answer the problems raised in the reading passage.
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they support the explanations in the reading passage.
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they strengthen specific points made in the reading passage.
The integrated question will be
phrased in one of the following
ways:
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge specific claims or arguments made in the reading passage.

80. Independent Writing Task
The second writing
task is an opinion
essay based on a
question given.
Typically, the test
taker will be asked
the following
question:
“Do you agree or
disagree with the
following statement?”
Xxxxxxx….
“Use specific reasons and
examples to support your
answer.”
30 minutes is then given to the test taker to write the response.
A good response will be of approximately 300 words in length.

81. Essay Writing Tips
Make a brief outline to organize the setup and flow of the opinion.
Develop the essay with examples, details, reasons.
Avoid generalities and be sure to explicitly support every general statement with reasonable points.
Keep track of time!
Save 5 minutes to review your draft.
Visit the ETS website and practice writing for the Independent Writing Task:
ETS/TOEFL ScoreItNow