1. Chapter 16- The Progressives
Section1 Notes
Progressivism

2. Vocabulary
Please define the key terms and people on pg. 522

3. What was progressivism?
Progressivism was a reform movement to address many social problems that industrialization created
Reform writers exposed many of the social ills that Progressives targeted
Popular magazines printed first hand accounts they had witnessed
These journalists were known as muckrakers because they raked up the filth of society

4. Muckrakers

5. Muckrakers Most articles focused on political corruption
Ida Tarbell wrote a report on Standard Oil Company
Her reports frightened the middle-class reader about the unchecked power of large businesses

6. Muckrakers Other muckrakers wrote about:
insurance and stock manipulation
Child labor
Slum conditions
Racial discrimination
Muckrakers paved the way
for many reforms in the U.S.

7. Reforming Society Housing Reforms
Tenement Act of this law forced landlords to install lighting in public hallways and provide one toilet for every two families
Outhouses were eventually banned from New York City slums

8. Fighting for civil rights
Some fought prejudice in society
1909- Ida Wells- Barnett, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Jane Addams formed the multiracial national association for the advancement of colored people
(NAACP)

9. NAACP 1913- fought segregation into the federal government
Protested the film ‘Birth of a Nation’ because of its hostile stereotyping of African Americans

10. ADL
1913- Sigmund Livingston, a Jewish man living in Chicago, created the Anti-Defamation League (ADL)
The mission was to fight anti-Semitism
ADL began combating the use of stereotyping of Jews in print, stage, and in films
By 1920, the practice in newspapers had nearly stopped

11. Reforming the workplace
Progressive reformers took up the cause of working women and children
1893- Florence Kelley helped persuade Illinois to prohibit child labor and limit the number of hours women worked
1904- Kelley helped form the National Child Labor Committee to ban child labor

12. Reforming the workplace
Progressives also organized state by state campaigns to limit women’s workdays
Oregon- 10 hours, Utah- 8 hours
Labor unions and progressives worked to secure laws ensuring a minimum wage
1912- Massachusetts became the first state to set a minimum wage
1938- Congress finally passed a national minimum wage

13. Courts and child labor
Lochner v. New York , the supreme court ruled in favor of the business owners
But in 1908 the court sided with the workers in the case of Muller v. Oregon
It upheld a 10- hour workday for women in laundries and factories
It was shown that working long hours harmed the health of women

14. The Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire
New York 1911
500 young women worked at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company that made women’s blouses
A fire erupted from a discarded match
The 8th, 9th, and 10th floor were ablaze
It was nearly impossible to escape

15. The Triangle Shirtwaist fire
Door were locked to prevent theft
The fire escape couldn’t handle the weight and gave way
Workers jumped from the building to their death
146 people died
Due to the fire, New York state passed the toughest fire-safety laws

16. Triangle Shirtwaist political cartoons
Movie-

17. The unions New unions arose during the progressive era:
1.(ILGWU)- International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union- they allowed unskilled workers
1909- the garment workers called a strike known as the ‘Uprising of the 20,000’
The strikers won shorter workweek and higher wages

18. The unions continued
IWW- Industrial Workers of the World organized unskilled workers
They were known as wobblies
They used strikes, boycotts, and industrial sabotage
IWW led 20,000 workers on strike in Massachusetts
After a 10 week strike they won raised wages

19. City government reforms
Tom Johnson of Cleveland, Ohio set new rules for police, supported fair taxes
Samuel Jones of Toledo, Ohio overhauled the police, set a minimum wage for workers, and opened kindergarten for children

20. City government reforms
New government structures-
1. Massive hurricane hit Galveston, TX
2. Texas set up a 5-member commission
3. By 1918, 500 American cities adopted the commission plan of city government

21. Election Reforms
17th amendment- gave voters the power to vote for their U.S. senators
Fought for secret ballots
Initiative- allows voters to put a proposed law on the ballot
Referendum- allows citizens to vote on laws
Recall- allows citizens to remove officials from office

22. The Jungle
By Upton Sinclair
Pg. 528