1. PRELIMARIES Dr. Sami Ben Salamh
GRAMMAR I
PRELIMARIES
Dr. Sami Ben Salamh

2. WHAT IS A SENTENCE? WRITE THREE SENTENCES.
CAN YOU DIVIDE EACH OF THEM INTO TWO MAIN COMPONENTS (PARTS)?
THINK OF THE NOMINAL SENTENCE IN ARABIC.

3. Sentence SENTENCE STRUCTURE SUBJECT PREDICATE
CONSIDER THE FOLLWING SENTENCES.
AHMAD SMILED.
SULTAN IS A TEACHER.
THEY ARE TALKING.
I AM TEACHING.

4. Parts of Speech Nouns Pronouns Prepositions Adjectives Verbs Adverbs
Conjunctions
Articles

5. Nouns
A noun is the part of speech that is used to name a person, thing, animal, place. It can function as the subject or object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Examples:
Mohammed
Chair
Cat
Riyadh

6. Pronouns A pronoun is a word used in a place of a noun. Examples: I
you he
him

7. Prepositions
A preposition is a word that indicates a relationship to another part of speech, especially to a noun.
Examples: in on at
for

8. Adjectives
An adjective is the lexical item that is used to describe/modify a noun or a pronoun.
Examples
happy
tall
dangerous

9. Verbs
Verbs describe (i) an action, (ii) a state of being (iii) an occurrence.
Examples:
play is
happen

10. Adverbs
An adverb is the part of speech that modifies a verb or an adjective. It usually tells us how somebody does something or how something happens.
Examples:
Ahmed drives carefully. (Ahmed is a careful driver.)
Please speak quietly. (Please be quiet.)
The apartment is completely furnished.

11. Conjunctions
A conjunction is a word that is used to connect (words, phrases or clauses) of equal grammatical value.
Examples:
and or
although
Because
but

12. Articles
Articles
Definite Indefinite
the a, an
consonants vs. vowels