1. Chapter 4
The Bonds of Empire

2. Rebellion and War 1660-1713 Royal Centralization (1660-1688)
Charles II and James II extend direct control of British monarchs over the colonies. Religious ISSUE? Create Dominion of New England?
Bans all legislative assemblies (colonists rebel)
Fears in England over a line of Catholic kings lead to the Glorious Revolution in 1688.

3. Rebellion and War 1660-1713 Glorious Revolution (1688-1689)
William and Mary eventually allow all the North American colonies to resume limited self-government. (monarchy) (elected governors and assemblies)
Reestablishes control by the colonial elite, religious freedom for Protestants.
Leisler’s Rebellion?
This brings together the interests of England and the colonies.

4. Rebellion and War 1660-1713 Generation of War (1689-1713)
Competition between Spain, England, and France over North America leads to a series of wars
King Williams War ( )
English/French/Natives both sides
Queen Anne’s War ( )
French and Native raids, shows need for English troops NOT colonists!
King George’s War ( ) French/English
Through these wars, the colonists acknowledged a firm alliance with England.

6. Mercantilism
Control of colonial trade for the sake of the mother country and powerful interest groups.
No master plan but a series of laws based on the same idea- other colonial powers did the same.
Effort to control the colonies and make money.
Increase exports and decrease imports and hurt other countries.
Navigation Act- only use ships constructed in the empire with crews from the empire.
Certain Enumerated goods could only be exported through Britain…tobacco, sugar, cotton, molasses.

8. Enumerated Goods Lumber Tobacco Rice Indigo Furs
Trade
Enumerated Goods
Lumber
Tobacco
Rice
Indigo
Furs
To England from Colonies

9. Manufactured Goods Furniture Clothing Colonials had not factories.
From England to Colonies

10. Slavery has been practiced since the beginning of documented history.
HOW SLAVERY CAME TO THE U.S.
Slavery has been practiced since the beginning of documented history.
Slavery introduced by the Spanish into the West Indies after Columbus’s discovery of America.
Spanish and Portuguese expanded African slavery into Central and South American after enslaved Indians began dying off.
In 1619, the first recorded introduction of African slaves into what would become the United States was in the settlement of Jamestown……Only 20 slaves were purchased….
Slaves captured in Africa
Slaves aboard ship—Middle Passage

11. Indentured Servitude Institution)
Indentured Servitude Institution
( )
Headright System: Plantation owners were given 50 acres for every indentured servant they sponsored to come to America.
Indentured Contract: Served plantation owner for 7 years as a laborer in return for passage to America.
Freedom Dues: Once servant completed his contract, he/she was freed….They were given land, tools, seed and animals. However, they did not receive voting rights.

12. BACON'S REBELLION

13. Mercantilism – Good or Bad?
Imports to America had to go through England…taxes on many of them, increases prices, decreases demand
Gave preferred treatment to American goods in the Empire. More produced = effects on land?
Gave special treatment to American ships, merchants, sailors.
Salutary neglect and Smuggling rise- loopholes
Set up vice-admiralty courts to settle disputes at sea- no juries, guilty until proven innocent.
Board of Trade set up to oversee.

14. Social and Political Details
Political systems stabilize by 1750 (governor, council, and assembly)…assemblies gain more power over time
Governor gets authority from the English king but hardly ever rules against the assemblies (“power of the purse”)
Gentry (elite planters, merchants, and attorneys) monopolize politics and get a taste for British fashions and consumer goods
Most adult males over 40 could vote (women and non-whites could not)
90% of the male population of NE was literate…much higher than England (35%)

15. Immigration to NA by 1755

16. Immigration to NA by 1755

17. Social and Political Details
British colonies grow at a faster rate than the French and Spanish
British immigration drops but African, Irish, Scottish, and German rises by 1750
Rural populations have to save many years to purchase land
Slaves have no power…leads to social tensions. American slaves vs. African slaves.
Stono Rebellion (1739) led by slaves in SC destroys white plantations and kills whites…ultimately fails
As a result, a new slave code was put into place which put slaves under almost constant surveillance. Owners responsible as well.
Most of the poorest people in the colonies lived in cities.

18. Stono County Rebellion
SLAVE REVOLTS
Stono County Rebellion
September 9, 1739, twenty black Carolinians met near the Stono River, approximately twenty miles southwest of Charleston. They took guns and powder from a store and killed the two storekeepers they found there.
"With cries of 'Liberty' and beating of drums," "the rebels raised a standard and headed south toward Spanish St. Augustine. Burned houses, and killed white opponents.
Largest slave uprising in the 13 colonies prior to the American Revolution.
Slaveowners caught up with the band of 60 to 100 slaves. 20 white Carolinians and 40 black Carolinians were killed before the rebellion was suppressed.
Slave Revolts/Stono

19. Georgia – Last of original 13 colonies
Georgia is founded in 1732 (21 year lease)
Established originally as a non-slave colony
James Oglethorpe wants to make it a haven for debtors (no slaves)
Great Britain wanted soldier-farmers to settle…this would be a buffer against the Spanish in Florida
Population remained small until slavery is legalized in 1750
Conditions similar to those in Carolina. Changes goals of colony.

20. The Enlightenment
An intellectual movement which stresses reason over religion
Newton focuses on understanding natural laws by using the scientific method
John Locke’s Compact Theory: We all have natural rights and it’s gov. job to protect them
In the colonies, the most educated (in the cities) follow the Enlightenment
Ben Franklin establishes the Amer. Philosophical Society in 1743
Most Enlightenment thinkers consider themselves Deists (God set laws into motion and left it to work)

21. John Locke
Ben Franklin

22. The Great Awakening
Many believe the colonies are slipping away from their original religious mission
A religious fervor spreads to all colonies in the 1730’s which refocuses people on salvation and an angry God
Ministers focus on stirring audience’s emotions rather than their intellects
Jonathan Edwards and his sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
George Whitefield electrifies audiences with his style and booming voice…church membership increases.

23. Impact of the Great Awakening
Democratizes religion
Revivalist clergy known as New Lights…rationalist clergy known as Old Lights.
Presbyterian and Baptist churches gain in membership…Anglicans and Congregationalists (Puritans) lose out
New colleges established because of competition between the two sides (Princeton, Columbia, etc…)
Revivalism spreads to Africans and Natives.
Gives some women more religious influence.
Empowers ordinary people to question established religious (and political) authority.

24. Prompts
1) What were the most important consequences of British mercantilism for the mainland colonies?
2) How did the Great Awakening and Enlightenment influence the British colonies?