1. Chapter 2--Matter & Change
Matter vs. Mass
Matter is anything that has _________ and takes up ___________.
Examples: ________, __________, and ________... (the three phases of matter)
Things that are NOT matter: __________, heat, ________, sound...
Mass is the amount of ___________ in an object.
The standard metric unit for mass is the ______________.
mass
space
solids
liquids
gases
light
emotions
matter
kilogram

2. Plasma
Plasma is a high energy electrically charged mixture of ions and electrons. __________ are made of plasma.
While plasma is the most abundant phase of matter in the universe, on earth it only occurs in a few limited places:
Lightning bolts
Flames
Fluorescent lights
Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights)
Stars

3. Bose-Einstein Condensate
Predicted in 1924 and created in 1995, the BEC is a small group of atoms clumped together when taken down to a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero.
This group of atoms takes up the same place, creating a "super atom." There are no longer thousands of separate atoms.
They all take on the same qualities and for our purposes become one blob.
Einstein
Bose
400 nanoKelvins nK nK

4. States of Matter phase fixed shape fixed volume compressible solid
liquid
gas
YES
YES NO NO
YES NO NO NO
YES
Particle Motion
Solids-- particles ____________ back and forth in fixed positions
Liquids-- clumps of particles ______ past each other in the container
Gases-- individual particles _____ all over the place and collide
_________ is a term used for a gaseous substance that is normally a ________ or _______ at room temperature.)
Example: _______ vapor
vibrate
slide
fly
Vapor
solid
liquid
water

5. States of Matter

6. Physical Changes: Names of the Phase Changes
Solid
Gas
Liquid
SolidAqueous = ___________ Aqueous  Solid = ___________
dissolving
crystallizing

7. Physical Properties and Physical Changes
Physical properties can be determined/measured without changing the substance’s composition.
Examples: _______, odor, __________, mass, ________, _________ point, ____________ point, hardness, solubility, etc.
Physical Changes alter a substance without changing its composition.
Examples: crushing, ripping, breaking, and any _________ changes…(boiling, freezing, melting, etc.)
Most physical changes just alter the size of the particles and are usually reversible.
color
taste
density
boiling
melting
phase

8. Physical Properties

9. Mixtures
Mixtures are a physical blend of two or more substances mixed together.” The parts can be separated by _____________ means or ____________ changes.
There are 2 types of mixtures:
(1) _________________ Mixtures: the parts mixed together can still be distinguished from one another...NOT uniform in composition.
Examples: chicken soup, fruit salad, _____, sand in water
(2) _________________ Mixtures: the parts mixed together cannot be distinguished from one another...completely uniform in composition.
Examples: ______, Kool-aid, ________, salt water, milk
Another term for a homogeneous mixture is a “______________.”
physical
physical
Heterogeneous
dirt
Homogeneous
Air
Brass
solution

10. Heterogeneous Mixtures

11. Homogeneous Mixtures

12. Distillation Animation
One way to separate a _________ from a ___________ in a solution is by distillation. There are 2 steps to the process:
Step 1: _________ the solution.
Step 2: ________________ the vapor as is escapes and collect it.
Distillation Animation
solid
liquid
Boil
Condense

13. Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes
Chemical properties cannot be determined/measured without changing the substance’s composition
Examples: ____________, whether or not it reacts with an acid or a base.
Chemical Changes
Chemical changes will alter a substance and change its composition.
Examples: burning, ___________, rotting or decomposing, __________________, and other chemical reactions.
Most, but not all, chemical changes are irreversible.
You can’t “reverse” the burning of paper.
_____________ ____________ use a reversible chemical reaction
burning
rusting
fermenting
Rechargeable batteries

14. Indications of Chemical Reactions
1) ________ is produced: (________)
2) ________ is produced: (_____________ bugs/_____________)
3) ______________ is produced:
(______________)
Heat
matches
Light
lightning
fireflies
Electricity
batteries

15. Indications of Chemical Reactions
4) ___________________ forms: (_______ ________)
5) gas/smoke/odor/bubbles produced:
(________ ______)
Precipitate
soap scum
Two liquids chemically react to form a solid.
soda fizz

16. Elements vs. Compounds
An element cannot be ___________ down or _____________ into simpler substances by chemical means.
Elements are the _________ forms of matter that can exists in normal laboratory conditions.
Examples: _______, Helium, __________
A compound is made up of ____ or ________ different elements ______________ bonded together.
Compounds can only be broken down into simpler substances by ____________ ____________.
Examples: _______, Sand, _______________
broken
changed
simplest
Gold
Mercury 2
more
chemically
chemical reactions
Water
NaCl (table salt)

17. Classification of Matter

18. Classification of Matter