1. Origins of the Cold War
We Didn't Start The Fire

2. An overview of the Cold War
How can a war be ‘cold’?
What were the Hotspots of the Cold War?

3. After World War II the Cold War began and caused tension throughout the world.
The USA and the USSR were the two world Superpowers.
The USA was a capitalist society with a democracy.
The USSR was a communist country with a dictatorship.
Both wanted to be the most powerful nation in the world.

4. Conflicting Postwar Goals American and Soviet Goals
American Goals
Wanted democracy and free economic opportunity for countries in Europe after WWII
Develop strong capitalist economies
(Less Government Intervention)
Soviet Goals
Rebuild Europe so the Soviet Union could recover from losses in WWII.
Wanted to satellite nations, (countries under Soviet control)
Like a Puppet State
Promote the spread of communism throughout the world

5. 1945—A Critical Year
End of World War II, relations between the Communist Soviet Union and allies the grew increasingly tense.
Yalta Conference- Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agreed to divide Germany between the Allies (France, England, US, Soviet Union)

6. 1945—A Critical Year (Con’t)
The United Nations- Organization created to encourage cooperation in solving international problems PEACEFULLY

7. 1945—A Critical Year Con’t Roosevelt dies- April 12
V.P.President Truman becomes President
Continues negotiations with Stalin at the Potsdam Conference in July.
Truman
Churchill/Atlee (who replaced Churchill)
Stalin
Purpose: determine how to administer Germany
and Poland

8. YALTA (in the USSR) Date: Feb 1945 Present: Churchill,
Roosevelt and Stalin
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9. POTSDAM (Germany) Date: July 1945 Present: Churchill,
Truman and Stalin
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10. Divided Germany
Notice Berlin
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11. Divided Berlin
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12. Germany - divided Germany was split in two.
West Germany- controlled by the Allies, mainly the U.S.
East Germany- became another communist country, controlled by the U.S.S.R.
Berlin located in the EAST

13. After World War II, the world changed!
Many countries became communist after World War II including:
Czechoslovakia (1948)
Poland (1947)
Hungary (1947)
China (1949)
Cuba (1959)
North Korea (1945)

14. Soviets Tighten Their Hold
Czechoslovakia:
tried to remain democratic, became a Soviet satellite in
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15. Soviets Tighten Their Hold
Hungary and Romania:
Arrested anti-Communist leaders in Hungary
Forced the appointment of a Communist prime minister in Romania
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16. Soviets Tighten Their Hold
East Germany:
To ensure safety from Germany, Stalin established a totalitarian state named the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).
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17. Cold War Heats Up

18. The Iron Curtain The Iron Curtain
“Iron curtain” Describes geographic and political divisions between Communist and Capitalist nations in Europe.
The Iron Curtain

19. Cold War Heats Up Truman Doctrine (1947) Implements containment policy
to prevent the
“Domino Effect”
Marshall Plan(1947)
Helps US / World economy by providing relief ($$$) after WWII

20. Containment and the Truman Doctrine
The competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for world influence came to be known as the Cold War.
The American policy of containment under the Truman Doctrine was designed to prevent Communism from spreading to other parts of the world.

21. Containment and the Truman Doctrine Con’t…
The Truman Doctrine was first applied after satellite nations agree to follow guidance from the U.S.S.R.
Czechoslovakia
Poland
Hungary
China
Cuba
North Korea

22. The Marshall Plan (US)
Created in 1947 by U.S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall
Financial aid from the United States to:
Help European nations recover and become strong democracies
Prevent Communists from continuing to gain power in Europe.

23. Origins of the Cold War—Assessment
Which of these choices best describes the primary goal of the United States for postwar Europe?
(A) Protect the Soviet Union from future invasion
(B) Build economically strong democracies
(C) Add more members to the United Nations
(D) Ensure further cooperation with Stalin
Which of these events directly inspired the Truman Doctrine?
(A) Soviet creation of “satellite nations”
(B) The division of Germany into four zones
(C) The arrest of anti-Communist leaders in Hungary
(D) Churchill’s “iron curtain” speech

24. Origins of the Cold War—Assessment
Which of these choices best describes the primary goal of the United States for postwar Europe?
(A) Protect the Soviet Union from future invasion
(B) Build economically strong democracies
(C) Add more members to the United Nations
(D) Ensure further cooperation with Stalin
Which of these events directly inspired the Truman Doctrine?
(A) Soviet creation of “satellite nations”
(B) The division of Germany into four zones
(C) The arrest of anti-Communist leaders in Hungary
(D) Churchill’s “iron curtain” speech

25. The Cold War Heats Up
How did the Berlin airlift and NATO help to achieve American goals in postwar Europe?
How did spread of Communism affect American foreign policy?
How did the Cold War affect American life at home?

26. The Korean War

27. Korean War North: Communist South: Capitalist/Democratic
First “Hot” War ( )
United Nations “Police Action”
Ends in a Stalemate
(no winner declared)
Divided on the 38th Parallel
Technically still at war

28. The Korean War—Assessment
What was the significance of the thirty-eighth parallel?
(A) It formed Korea’s border with China.
(B) It was the place to which Chinese Nationalists fled.
(C) It divided Korea into two halves, North and South.
(D) It was the location of Korean War peace talks.
Why did the United Nations send troops to Korea?
(A) To support South Korea and restore peace
(B) To install a Communist government in South Korea
(C) To help China defend its border
(D) To put an end to Japanese rule of Korea

29. The Korean War—Assessment
What was the significance of the thirty-eighth parallel?
(A) It formed Korea’s border with China.
(B) It was the place to which Chinese Nationalists fled.
(C) It divided Korea into two halves, North and South.
(D) It was the location of Korean War peace talks.
Why did the United Nations send troops to Korea?
(A) To support South Korea and restore peace
(B) To install a Communist government in South Korea
(C) To help China defend its border
(D) To put an end to Japanese rule of Korea

30. The Vietnam War

31. The Vietnam War North: Communist South: Capitalist/Democratic
Supported by: U.S.S.R., China, North Korea and Cuba
South: Capitalist/Democratic
Fighting for U.S. lasts from
1,800,000 allied troops vs. 460,000 in the North
58,000 U.S. casualties
South Surrenders to the Communist North in 1975 (Communism spreads)

32. The Berlin Airlift Berlin; Communist East…Capitalist West
June 1948, Stalin banned all shipments to West Berlin through East Germany
Created a blockade which threatened to cut off supplies to West Berlin(controlled by the allies).

33. The Berlin Airlift (cont’d)
In response, Allied nations began the Berlin airlift, which delivered thousands of tons of food and other supplies to West Berlin via air.
Planes landed every 3 minutes, 24 hours a day, for over a year
Although the Soviet blockade ended in May 1949, Berlin remained a focal point of Cold War conflict.

34. NATO
What was NATO?
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed in April 1949.
Group that will support one another against attack, a principle known as collective security
“An attack against one, is an attack against them all”
In response, the Soviet Union created the Warsaw Pact, a military alliance between the Soviet Union and its satellite nations.
Soviet version of NATO

35. The Cold War at Home Late1940’s, early 1950’s:
Fear of Communism encroaching on the United States.
(HUAC): House Un-American Activities Committee investigated Hollywood personalities
Compiled a blacklist
a list naming persons who should not be hired because they were communists
This begins the SECOND RED SCARE !!!

36. The Cold War Heats Up—Assessment
Which of these phrases best describes NATO?
(A) A collective security pact between the United States, Canada, and Western European nations
(B) A military alliance between the USSR and its satellite nations
(C) A U.S.-sponsored program for postwar recovery
(D) A regional group within the United Nations
Which of these was a result of HUAC’s investigation of the movie industry?
(A) Hollywood approved many scripts that dealt with controversial social problems.
(B) Many Hollywood personalities were blacklisted.
(C) The McCarran-Walter Act was passed.
(D) Pro-Soviet movies became popular.

37. The Cold War Heats Up—Assessment
Which of these phrases best describes NATO?
(A) A collective security pact between the United States, Canada, and Western European nations
(B) A military alliance between the USSR and its satellite nations
(C) A U.S.-sponsored program for postwar recovery
(D) A regional group within the United Nations
Which of these was a result of HUAC’s investigation of the movie industry?
(A) Hollywood approved many scripts that dealt with controversial social problems.
(B) Many Hollywood personalities were blacklisted.
(C) The McCarran-Walter Act was passed.
(D) Pro-Soviet movies became popular.

38. The Continuing Cold War
What were the characteristics of the McCarthy era?
How was the Cold War waged in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America during the 1950s?
How did the arms race develop?

39. The Second Red Scare / McCarthy Era
McCarthy’s Rise to Power
Senator Joseph McCarthy feared Communist supporters lived within the U.S.
His ideas and theories became known as McCarthyism
Created a list of 250 Communist-supporting government employees
Later reduced to 57.
Accusations were usually baseless and improvable

40. The McCarthy Era McCarthy’s Fall
1954, McCarthy criticized the Army of supporting communism
President Eisenhower, a former Army General, criticizes his accusations
By mid-June 1954, McCarthy had lost even his strongest supporters

41. The Atom Bomb and American Culture in Early Postwar America

42. The Arms Race
Chapter 19, Section 4
Throughout the 1950s, the USA and USSR compete in an arms race
Struggle to gain weapons superiority
Deterrence
Military arsenal so strong that no enemy will attack for fear of retaliation
Results in increasing amounts of nuclear weapons

43. The Cuban Missile Crisis,1962
October 14–28, 1962
U.S. attempts and fails to overthrow the communist Cuban government at the
Bay of Pigs
Soviets and Cubans built bases to launch nuclear weapons at the U.S.
13 days of tense debate whether to attack

44. USSR agrees to remove missiles from Cuba if we agree to never invade Cuba again
Closest moment to turning to nuclear conflict
Moscow–Washington Hotline, a direct communications link between Moscow and Washington, D.C. (RED PHONES)

45. Initial Reactions Anxiety and Fear Sense of doom Atomic sales soar
“Lone Ranger Atomic Bomb Ring”

47. Atomic Cars and Cancer Cures
New Hopes for a Positive Benefit of the Atom
Allowed Americans to avoid dealing with the realities of atomic warfare
Cars which run on atomic power

48. Cold War and the Bomb US Gov’t and Positive Image of the Atom
Needed because of reality of Cold War
Wanted to show people the “Sunny Side of the Atom”

49. Cold War and the Bomb Civil Defense Greenbrier Bunker
Russians detonate their first atomic bomb in 1949
How to Survive an Atomic Bomb
“Duck and Cover”
Bomb shelters

51. “Good bomb immunity”

52. Cold War Science Fiction Film Ambivalence and Anxiety over the Bomb

53. 1950s Invasion Films

54. Politics, Cold War, and Science Fiction Space Exploration

55. The Space Race
To carry bombs to their targets, the USSR developed long-range rockets known as ICBMs
InterContinental Ballistic Missiles.
In 1957, one of these rockets was used to launch the Soviet satellite Sputnik, the first artificial satellite to orbit Earth.
Shattered American confidence and prompted a desire to match, and surpass, Soviet technology.
NASA Created in 1958
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration

56. Web Sites National Security Archive Marshall Plan Guatemala Coup
Iran Coup
Online Films—Cold War
Cold War Interviews
CNN Cold War
Cold War and a Hot Bomb
Tour the Greenbrier Bunker
Propaganda Film Gallery
Truman Speeches
Truman Doctrine
Kennan’s Mr. X Article
NSC-68
Walter Lippman, The Cold War
Novikov telegram
Civil Defense Documents
Covert Action in Guatemala, 1954
Dulles on Massive Retaliation