1. #7 - AIM: What happened after the Partition? 34.1

2. Nehru - India [ ]
Jawaharlal Nehru: First Prime Minister (17 years) – devoted follower of Ghandi
More secular
Democracy -

3. Social Modernization Pushed for social programs to elevate the
status of lower classes
Helped women gain rights promised by the constitution

4. Economic Modernization
Build power plants, dams
Left established industries in private hands
Stayed neutral in the Cold War – did not side with either USSR or US

5. Nehru – India’s First Prime Minister – 1947 to 1964
Nehru – India’s First Prime Minister – 1947 to His only child, Indira Gandhi, has been the longest-serving Prime Minister and

6. Indira Gandhi – Nehru’s Daughter
Indira Gandhi Prime Minister ( )
Capable but many challenges
But issued harsh policies as reaction to unrest
Threat from Sikh extremists who wanted a state of their own

7. Sikh Extremist Leader Bhindranwale believed Sikhs were the victims of Hindu discrimination. He and his followers seized the Golden Temple of Amritsar in Operation Blue Star was ordered by Indira Ghandi in June, Bhindranwale was killed during the military take-over of the temple. Sikh bodyguards killed Mrs. Gandhi on October 31, 1984.

8. Sikhism Holiest Place – The Golden Temple of Amritsar was the site of a siege in 1984 that left 1,000 dead.

9. Indira Gandhi - Assassinated
Indian army killed 500 Sikhs and destroyed sacred property at the Sikh Golden Temple in Amritsar
Gandhi’s Sikh bodyguard killed her – son Rajiv Gandhi will run – he will also be assassinated

10. Son of Indira Gandhi, Grandson of Nehru – Rajiv Gandhi India’s Prime Minister Assassinated by a female Tamil Tiger Suicide Bomber in The 24 year old assassin placed a garland of sandalwood around Rajiv’s neck and bent down as if to touch his shoe. She triggered an explosive belt killing herself, the P.Minister and 15 others. He had sent troops to Sri Lanka to aid the government in defeating the Tamil Tiger insurgency.

12. Pakistan At first Pakistan – 2 separate states – East and West
Separated by 2,000 miles of Indian Territory
Very different, culture, language, history, geography and ethnicity.
Only Islam united them.

13. E. Pakistan to Bangladesh
1970 – cyclone struck East Pakistan, 266,000 killed
West Pakistan did not transfer funds to East Pakistan to help
1971 – East Pakistan declared independence – now Bangladesh
1991 – Another cyclone, 139,000 killed
2002 – Water problems (NYT Article)

14. 21st century – Some instability
India will overtake China’s pop by 2035
Some social inequalities & religious strife
Environment-pollution-water
Yet, government today described as world’s largest democracy

15. Nuclear Issue-Relationship with Pakistan
1974: India exploded a “peaceful” nuclear device
1998: India conducted 5 underground nuclear tests
Pakistan now has nuclear weapons also

16. India Today Population to exceed China by 2035.
Today (2011), India 1.2 billion
China 1.3 billion
Outsourcing
Major problems with pollution

20. Kashmir Province – Majority Muslim
India annexed Kashmir because
Ruler Hindu, majority Muslim population – headwaters irrigated millions of acres of farmland in India
Disputed region since 1947
1949 UN Cease fire
1/3 of Kashmir under Pakistan control
2/3 to India