1. Introduction to Lab Scopes
Vehicle Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises, Garland, Texas
Introduction to Lab Scopes
(Oscilloscopes)
And Wave Form Analysis
By Vince Fischelli
Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, Texas Phone:
Web Site:
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

2. Analog Lab Scope on the Workbench
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Analog Lab Scope on the Workbench
Analog Lab Oscilloscopes have been replaced by Digital Storage “O”scopes (DSO) which automate a lot of the functions that had to be adjusted by hand with an analog lab scope. Studying the controls of an analog scope will help to understand what your DSO does automatically. In addition the lab scope book provides chapters on an important topic called “Wave Form Analysis.
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

3. Analog Lab Scope in the Engine Compartment
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Analog Lab Scope in the Engine Compartment
Analog Lab Oscilloscopes can be used in the engine compartment but has to be plugged into 110V AC to operate.
An advantage of an analog lab scope is real-time measurement. That means the wave form displayed is the exact same moment it is occurring in the vehicle.
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

4. Typical Analog Lab Scope Showing CRT (Screen) and Front Panel Controls
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Typical Analog Lab Scope
Showing CRT (Screen) and Front Panel Controls
A 20 MHz analog lab scope has enough features to measure circuits inside vehicle on-board computers and view any electronic circuit wave form on present day vehicles.
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

5. Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Block Diagram Of An Analog Lab Oscilloscope “The terms “Lab Scope” and “Oscilloscope” are synonymous.
“Scopes” most often trace the voltage changes in a circuit to create the wave form on the screen!
To purchase our lab scope book CALL
Or visit
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

6. Standard Graticule on the face of Cathode Ray Tube
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Standard Graticule on the face of Cathode Ray Tube
Horizontal and vertical grid lines create a pattern called the Graticule.
Horizontal lines divide Graticule into units of volts or mV (millivolts) to measure the amplitude of a wave form.
Vertical lines divide Graticule into units of time in seconds or ms (milliseconds) to measure the time duration of a wave form. More on this later!
>
Major Division
>
Think of the Graticule as the markings on a ruler that defines the length of an inch.
An electron beam causes the screen’s phosphor coating to glow drawing a wave form on the graticule screen.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

7. Setting Up an Analog Lab Scope With Step-by-Step Set-Up Instructions
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Section 2
Setting Up an Analog Lab Scope With Step-by-Step Set-Up Instructions
Exercises help to learn oscilloscope terminology and front panel control functions!
To purchase our lab scope book CALL or visit

8. For on-the-vehicle work the
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
For on-the-vehicle work the
lab scope (Analog or DSO) must be grounded to the vehicle’s -BATT or -Gen.
-BATT terminal is a good scope ground if battery is accessible.
-GEN (generator housing) is a good scope ground if the generator is accessible.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

9. S2-2: Display Controls Affect Quality of the Trace
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Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S2-2: Display Controls Affect Quality of the Trace
TRACE ROTATION levels the trace so it is parallel to the horizontal Graticule lines.
INTENsity controls brightness of the trace.
FOCUS sharpens the trace.
SCALE illuminates the grid lines of the Graticule.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

10. These controls are explained on Pages 2-2 & 2-3
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S2-3: Vertical Controls Determine voltage value between (horizontal) Graticule lines.
Selects voltage value of each major vertical division.
Selects type of input signal
Applied to scope.
Fig. 2-6
Fig. 2-3
Adjust trace vertical position.
Scope probe connects here >
Fig. 2-4
Fig. 2-5
These controls are explained on Pages 2-2 & 2-3
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

11. VERTICAL Controls for a typical Analog Lab Oscilloscope
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
VERTICAL Controls for a typical Analog Lab Oscilloscope
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

12. Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Dual-Trace Mode
Dual-Trace mode allows viewing two different wave forms (signals) at the same time for comparison.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

13. Controls explained on Pages 2-5 & 2-6.
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S2-5: Horizontal Controls Determine Time duration between (vertical) Graticule lines.
Adjust trace horizontal position starting point.
Delays start time of trace.
Fig. 2-10
Selects time duration of each horizontal major division.
Vary setting of TIME/div.
Fig. 2-12
Fig. 2-9
Controls explained on Pages 2-5 & 2-6.
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

14. Typical HORIZONTAL (Sweep) Controls for an Analog Lab Oscilloscope
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Typical HORIZONTAL (Sweep) Controls for an Analog Lab Oscilloscope
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

15. Proper Horizontal Trace Beginning Position
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Proper Horizontal Trace Beginning Position
Position Control adjusted so trace begins on the left side of the graticule.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

16. Trigger Controls explained on Pages 2-7 – 2-10
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S2-6: Trigger Controls
Determine when trace begins and selects the trigger signal source.
Trigger Controls explained on Pages 2-7 – 2-10
Trigger source can be a signal from the vehicle to control the trace start time!
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

17. Typical TRIGGER Controls for an Analog Lab Oscilloscope
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Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Typical TRIGGER Controls for an Analog Lab Oscilloscope
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

18. Electron Beam Traces Wave Form
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Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Electron Beam Traces Wave Form
Electron beam traces left to right to display the wave form (1 to 2).
Trace blanks out during quick retrace to trace another image (3 to 4).
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

19. Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Trigger Level
Select a point on the [+] Positive or [-] Negative Slope of a wave form to be the Trigger Point to start the scope trace.
Explained on Page 2-8.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

20. S2-7: About Oscilloscope Probes
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Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S2-7: About Oscilloscope Probes
Explained on Pages 2-11 & 2-12.
Fig , Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

21. Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Verify Vertical Amplifier Accuracy with known Test Pattern Test pattern proves wave form voltage amplitude is accurate and scope probes are not distorting the wave form!
Test Pattern is in the scope for calibration of vertical amplifiers.
Explained on Page 12.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

22. BNC Connector with Adjustment Screw for Compensation.
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Adjust Scope Probe Compensation This ensures wave shape is accurately displayed!
BNC Connector with Adjustment Screw for Compensation.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

23. Metric Conversions Convert parameters easily!
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Metric Conversions Convert parameters easily!
Explained on Pages 2-13.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

24. Section 3 Lab Scope Set-Up And Operation
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Section 3
Lab Scope Set-Up
And Operation
Learn what scope controls do to the wave form being displayed on the screen! Pages 3-1 to 3-6
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

25. Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Dual Trace Mode
Observe two wave forms at the same time for comparison.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

26. Section 4 Measure DC Voltage and Electrical Noise
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Section 4 Measure DC Voltage and Electrical Noise
Learn the techniques of measuring DC Voltage and viewing electrical noise in DC voltages!
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

27. S4-1: Establish Ground Voltage Reference
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S4-1: Establish Ground Voltage Reference
0.0 Volt ground here >
Position single trace at the bottom of the Graticule.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

28. S4-2: Measure 8 Volts DC or less (Volt/div control set to 1.0 V/div)
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S4-2: Measure 8 Volts DC or less (Volt/div control set to 1.0 V/div)
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

29. Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S4-3: Measure from 0.0V to 16.0V DC (Volt/div control set to 2.0 V/div)
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

30. S4-4 Measure Charging Voltage
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S4-4 Measure Charging Voltage
(Volt/div control set to 2.0 V/div)
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

31. S4-6: Noise Level in DC Voltage
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S4-6: Noise Level in DC Voltage
Electrical Noise pulses riding on the generator’s DC charging voltage can cause havoc with on-board computers.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

32. S4-7: How To Measure Ripple and Noise in Charging Voltage
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S4-7: How To Measure Ripple and Noise in Charging Voltage
Positive spikes caused by actuators controlled on the ground side.
Negative spikes
caused by actuators controlled on the voltage side.
Set Volt/div to 0.05V/div
Set Time Base to 0.1 ms/div
Select input to AC (not DC)
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

33. Noise in the Charging Voltage
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Noise in the Charging Voltage
14.2V>
Negative “noise” spikes when generator stops producing charging voltage.
This indicates a problem inside generator!
(1), (2) and (3) are severe charging voltage “drop-out.”
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

34. S4-7C: Testing Ground Circuit for EMI Noise
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S4-7C: Testing Ground Circuit for EMI Noise
Tip: Gently tap on generator and mounting bracket and watching for positive spikes.
00.0V>
Positive “noise” spikes when generator losses a good ground connection.
Usually caused by loose GEN mounting bracket bolts!
(1) Is normal injector pulse when grounding injector.
(2) Could be a generator ground problem.
(3) Normal level of electrical noise on ground circuit (called “grass”)
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

35. S4-8: Monitor Fuel Management at 02 Sensor
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S4-8: Monitor Fuel Management at 02 Sensor
Divide up the Graticule for “Real-Time” Measurement
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

36. S4-9: Monitor Fuel Management at O2 Sensor
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S4-9: Monitor Fuel Management at O2 Sensor
1. Set Scope for single trace mode
2. Adjust Volts/div to 10 mV/div
3. Set scope probe to 10:1 – each major graticule is 0.1 V/div
4. Time/div control set to slowest sweep rate
5. Connect scope probe to 02 Sensor signal wire and observe O2 Sensor response.
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

37. S4-10: Normal O2 Sensor Pattern
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S4-10: Normal O2 Sensor Pattern
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

38. S4-11” Rich O2 Sensor Pattern
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S4-11” Rich O2 Sensor Pattern
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

39. S4-12: Lean O2 Sensor Pattern
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Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S4-12: Lean O2 Sensor Pattern
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

40. S4-13: O2 Sensor Pattern for Sluggish O2 Sensor
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Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S4-13: O2 Sensor Pattern for Sluggish O2 Sensor
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

41. S4-14A: Monitor Single O2 Sensor on a Car
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Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S4-14A: Monitor Single O2 Sensor on a Car
and draw the wave form
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

42. S4-14B: Monitor Dual O2 Sensor Wave Forms
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S4-14B: Monitor Dual O2 Sensor Wave Forms
Chan A Trace monitors Pre-CAT
Chan B Trace monitors Post CAT
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

43. Wave Form of Two O2 Sensors “Dual-Trace” Observes two wave forms.
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Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Wave Form of Two O2 Sensors
Chan A Trace monitors Pre-CAT
Chan B Trace monitors Post CAT
“Dual-Trace” Observes two wave forms.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

44. S4-15 Set-Up to Sweep the TP Sensor
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Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S4-15 Set-Up to Sweep the TP Sensor
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

45. Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Defective TP Sensor
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

46. S4-16 Review Exercises – DC Voltage Measurement #1
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S4-16 Review Exercises – DC Voltage Measurement #1
Set Volt/div
To 1.0V/div
1.= _____V =_____V =_____V =_____V
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

47. S4-16 Review Exercises – DC Voltage Measurement #2
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S4-16 Review Exercises – DC Voltage Measurement #2
Set Volt/div
To 2.0V/div
1.= _____V =_____V =_____V =_____V
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

48. S4-16 Review Exercises – DC Voltage Measurement #3
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S4-16 Review Exercises – DC Voltage Measurement #3
Set Volt/div
To 0.1 V/div
1.= _____V =_____V =_____V =_____V
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

49. Section 5 Measure AC Voltage and AC Signals
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Section 5 Measure AC Voltage and AC Signals
Learn the techniques of measuring AC Voltage Wave Forms!
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

50. Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S5-1: The AC Sine Wave
There is a sine wave for voltage in the circuit.
There is a sine wave for electron current in the circuit.
They do not always peak at the same time.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

51. Characteristics of Sine Waves
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Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Characteristics of Sine Waves
AC Voltage constantly changes amplitude and periodically changes direction (polarity).
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

52. Characteristics of Sine Waves
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Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Characteristics of Sine Waves
(Amplitude vs. Time)
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

53. Amplitude (Voltage) Measurement Terminology
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Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Amplitude (Voltage) Measurement Terminology
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

54. Peak AC Voltage and RMS Peak = RMS ÷ 0.707 RMS = 0.707 x Peak
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Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Peak AC Voltage and RMS
RMS is “root-mean-square” which is the effective value of an AC voltage that corresponds to the same amount of heat produced by a DC voltage.
Peak = RMS ÷ RMS = x Peak
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

55. S5-2: Measuring Amplitude of an AC CURRENT Sine Wave on Graticule
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Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S5-2: Measuring Amplitude of an AC CURRENT Sine Wave on Graticule
------< Peak Current
Peak Current >------
AC electron current periodically changes direction. “Alternating Current” Flows one-way then flows the opposite way.
Fig Modified Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

56. AC Current Terminology
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Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
AC Current Terminology
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

57. S5-3A: Time Duration (Frequency) Measurement
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S5-3A: Time Duration (Frequency) Measurement
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

58. S5-3B: Measuring Time Duration of a Sine Wave
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Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S5-3B: Measuring Time Duration of a Sine Wave
Marking off 1 Hertz (Cycle)
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

59. Terminology of Time Duration
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Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Terminology of Time Duration
S5-4: Converting Time Duration to Frequency
S5-5: Converting Frequency to Time Duration
S5-6: Determine Frequency of a Signal
copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

60. S5-7 Quick Check Frequency
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S5-7 Quick Check Frequency
Marking off time duration of one cycle Most DSOs indicate wave form frequency automatically.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

61. Marking off 4 cycles of AC Wave Form
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Marking off 4 cycles of AC Wave Form
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

62. S5-8: Measuring Ignition Signals
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S5-8: Measuring Ignition Signals
Analog Lab Scopes Require adjusting horizontal and vertical controls. Some DSOs adjust these automatically.
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

63. S5-9: Measuring Injector Signals
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S5-9: Measuring Injector Signals
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

64. Measuring Injector Pulse Width
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Measuring Injector Pulse Width
Injector
“ON” Time
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

65. S5-10: Inexpensive Inductive Pickup
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S5-10: Inexpensive Inductive Pickup
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

66. S5-11: Calculating/Converting Wave Form Parameters
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S5-11: Calculating/Converting Wave Form Parameters
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

67. Section 5 Review Exercises – Page 5-11
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Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Section 5 Review Exercises – Page 5-11
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

68. Section 6 Measure Digital Signals
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Section 6 Measure Digital Signals
Learn the techniques of measuring digital wave forms!
Find the answers to Review Exercises in back of the book “Intro to Lab Scopes and Wave Form Analysis!
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

69. S6-1: Digital Signal Terminology The “Square Wave”
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S6-1: Digital Signal Terminology The “Square Wave”
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

70. S6-2 Square Wave Amplitude
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S6-2 Square Wave Amplitude
Series of square waves forms a square wave “signal”
or “digital signal”
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

71. S6-3: Square Wave Time Duration
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S6-3: Square Wave Time Duration
Vertical transition lines may move so fast an analog lab scope may not display them.
A DSO is able to show the transition lines.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

72. S6-4: Converting Square Wave Period to Frequency
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S6-4: Converting Square Wave Period to Frequency
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

73. S6-5: Quick Check Square Wave Frequency
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S6-5: Quick Check Square Wave Frequency
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

74. S6-6: Hall Effect Sensors
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S6-6: Hall Effect Sensors
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

75. Schematic of Three Wire Hall Effect
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Schematic of Three Wire Hall Effect
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

76. Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
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Four Wire Hall Effect
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

77. What Look For in Hall-Effect Sensors
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What Look For in Hall-Effect Sensors
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

78. Problem on the Ground Side
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Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Problem on the Ground Side
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

79. S6-7: Pulse-Width-Modulated (PWM) Signal
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S6-7: Pulse-Width-Modulated (PWM) Signal
Transition Line moves either left or right to change the “Duty Cycle”
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

80. Visual indication of changes in PWM Duty Cycle
Duty Cycle refers to the time the PWM wave form operates the circuit.
Scan from top to bottom If the circuit is “ON” when the PWM signal is low, the circuit begins to shut down as the “duty cycle” decreases.
Scan from bottom to top
If the circuit is “ON” when the PWM signal is low, the circuit begins to turn “ON” as the “duty cycle” increases.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

81. Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
PWM Signal Duty Cycle
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

82. Moving edge moves to the left.
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Moving edge moves to the left.
“HI” Time Decreases
“LO” Time Increases
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

83. Practice Exercise Page 6-7
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Practice Exercise Page 6-7
Calculate 4 factors:
Amplitude in volts:
Period:
Duty Cycle LO:
Duty Cycle HI:
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

84. Practice Exercise Page 6-7
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Practice Exercise Page 6-7
Calculate:
Amplitude in volts:
Period:
Duty Cycle LO:
Duty Cycle HI:
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

85. S6-8: Mixture Control Solenoid
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S6-8: Mixture Control Solenoid
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

86. S6-9: Mixture Control Signal
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S6-9: Mixture Control Signal
Fig & Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

87. S6-10: Hoe PWM Signal changes to control solenoid
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S6-10: Hoe PWM Signal changes to control solenoid
Fig & Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

88. Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S6-11 View A PWM Signal
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

89. S6-12: PWM and the Fuel Injector
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S6-12: PWM and the Fuel Injector
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

90. S6-13: Fuel Injector Circuit
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S6-13: Fuel Injector Circuit
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

91. S6-14: What To Look For In Injector Wave Forms
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S6-14: What To Look For In Injector Wave Forms
Spike Voltage Amplitude
Is important
for proper injector performance.
What is the spike voltage amplitude based on 10 V/div?
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

92. S6-15: Pulse Terminology Positive Pulses Negative Pulses
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S6-15: Pulse Terminology
Positive Pulses
Negative Pulses
Fig & Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

93. Digital Pulse Terminology
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Digital Pulse Terminology
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

94. S6-16: Viewing Pulse Signals on CRT
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S6-16: Viewing Pulse Signals on CRT
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

95. Increase Trace Intensity to view Vertical Transitions
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Increase Trace Intensity to view Vertical Transitions
A DSO can display vertical transition lines.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

96. Section 6-17 Review Exercise
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Section 6-17 Review Exercise
What is peak-to-peak voltage?
What is time duration of the HI time?
What is the Period?
What is the frequency in Hz?
Find the answers to Review Exercises in back of the book “Intro to Lab Scopes and Wave Form Analysis!
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

97. Section 6-18 Review Exercise
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Section 6-18 Review Exercise
What is peak-to-peak voltage?
What is time duration of the HI time?
What is time duration of the LO time?
What is the Period?
What is the base frequency in Hz?
What is the duty cycle for a switch-to-ground circuit?
What is the duty cycle for a switch-to-voltage circuit?
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

98. Section 6-19 Review Exercise
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Section 6-19 Review Exercise
What is the wave form called?
How long in the injector ON?
How long is the time between injector pulses?
What is the spike voltage amplitude?
Give two reasons that would cause the spike voltage amplitude to be too low.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

99. Section 6-20 Review Exercise
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Section 6-20 Review Exercise
What is wrong with the injector wave form?
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

100. Section 6-21 Review Exercises
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Section 6-21 Review Exercises
What is wrong with the injector wave form?
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

101. Section 7 Wave Form Analysis
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Section 7 Wave Form Analysis
Learn to recognize incorrect wave forms!
Find the answers to Review Exercises in back of the book “Intro to Lab Scopes and Wave Form Analysis!
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

102. Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S7-1: Low Amplitude
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

103. S7-2: Failure to Reach Ground
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S7-2: Failure to Reach Ground
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

104. S7-3: Leading Edge Distortion
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S7-3: Leading Edge Distortion
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

105. S7-4 Trailing Edge Distortion
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S7-4 Trailing Edge Distortion
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

106. S7-5: Square Wave Time Duration not Spec.
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S7-5: Square Wave Time Duration not Spec.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

107. S7-6: Sine Wave Time Duration Different than Spec.
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S7-6: Sine Wave Time Duration Different than Spec.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

108. S7-7: PWM Time Base Incorrect
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S7-7: PWM Time Base Incorrect
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

109. S7-8: PWM Duty Cycle Incorrect
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S7-8: PWM Duty Cycle Incorrect
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

110. S7-9: Noise During Signal HI Time
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S7-9: Noise During Signal HI Time
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

111. S7-10: Noise During Signal; “LO” Time
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S7-10: Noise During Signal; “LO” Time
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

112. S7-11: Noise Throughout The Signal
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S7-11: Noise Throughout The Signal
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

113. Common Mistakes Using a Lab Scope
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Common Mistakes Using a Lab Scope
S7-12: Improper Amplitude in Either DC or AC Measurements
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

114. S7-13: Failure to Reach Ground
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S7-13: Failure to Reach Ground
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

115. S7-14: When Time Measurement Reveals a Problem
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S7-14: When Time Measurement Reveals a Problem
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

116. S7-15: Leading/Falling Edge is Distorted
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S7-15: Leading/Falling Edge is Distorted
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

117. S7-16: PWM Base Frequency Erratic
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S7-16: PWM Base Frequency Erratic
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

118. S7-17: PWM Duty Cycle Incorrect
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S7-17: PWM Duty Cycle Incorrect
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

119. S7-18: Noise Present in Signal
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S7-18: Noise Present in Signal
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

120. S7-19: Amplitude Distortion in Digital Signal
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S7-19: Amplitude Distortion in Digital Signal
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

121. S7-20: No Trace on Either Channel (Dual-Trace Mode)
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S7-20: No Trace on Either Channel (Dual-Trace Mode)
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

122. Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Section 8 Current Ramping Technique Scope electron current for additional diagnostic information!
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

123. S8-1 Intro to Current Ramping
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S8-1 Intro to Current Ramping
Normally, voltage in a circuit is traced by a scope.
Fig & Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

124. Electron Current May also be Measured with a Current Clamp
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Electron Current May also be Measured with a Current Clamp
Electron Current through a DC motor is high at first (in-rush) then becomes steady-state at normal rpm.
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

125. Connect Current Clamp to Lab Scope
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Connect Current Clamp to Lab Scope
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

126. S8-2: Measuring In-Rush Current
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S8-2: Measuring In-Rush Current
Set-Up Graticule Values for Amplitude (Vertical) and Sweep Rate (Horizontal)
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

127. In-Rush Current Spikes at First
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
In-Rush Current Spikes at First
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

128. DSO (digital scope) will show a clearer trace
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
S8-3: Measuring Steady State Current DC Motor Steady-State Current Trace
DSO (digital scope) will show a clearer trace
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

129. Gaps show defective DC Motor
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Gaps show defective DC Motor
Fig Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

130. Visit our web page at http://www.veejer.com/labscope.html
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Working with analog lab scopes and using scope terminology will help getting used to a DSO (digital scope) and understanding how a scope can be used in vehicle electronic circuit troubleshooting.
Visit our web page at
Find the answers to Review Exercises in back of the book “Intro to Lab Scopes and Wave Form Analysis!
To purchase our lab scope book visit our web page or CALL
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

131. Visit primary web site at www.veejer.com
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Next series of slides introduce electrical-electronic training for automotive, truck and heavy equipment technicians available from Veejer Enterprises Inc.
Visit primary web site at
Visit our on-line 60 lesson web site at
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

132. The 1st Step- "Vehicle Electrical Troubleshooting SHORTCUTS"
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
The 1st Step- "Vehicle Electrical Troubleshooting SHORTCUTS"
The Vehicle Electrical Text Book:  Presents in 7 sections (250 pages) crucial electrical training for automotive and truck service technicians and students with hands-on shop exercises included. Do it all with just a DMM and Current Clamp!
Section 1 Essential electrical principles
Section 2 covers DMM's and Current Clamps
Section 3 How circuits work and electrical laws of circuits
Section 4 How batteries work and how to test a vehicle battery
Section 5 The cranking circuit and how to troubleshoot any cranking problem.
Section 6 How generators work methods to test and troubleshoot charging systems.
Section 7 Reading schematic diagrams
Review test after each section (answers in back of the book)
Visit our web site for more info!
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

133. Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
The 2nd Step - FIRST THINGS FIRST Two versions available (single battery and dual battery 14V systems)
Electrical flip-chart that shows a technician or student how to test and troubleshoot a vehicle’s primary electrical system consisting of the battery, major grounds and charging system in 14 quick electrical tests.
Do this FIRST: on any vehicle with
An electrical problem
An on-board computer problem
A driveability problem
Spiral bound with laminated pages.
Visit our web page & get all the facts!
Call or visit our web site for more info!
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

134. How to Teach or Learn Auto/Truck Electrical Troubleshooting
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
How to Teach or Learn Auto/Truck Electrical Troubleshooting
Students or Technicians must learn how to troubleshoot electrical circuits. The vehicle industry desperately needs electrical troubleshooters!
Students or Technicians won’t really learn how by watching a video or somebody else doing it, although it does help to watch the first time.
Students and Technicians best learn how to troubleshoot electrical circuits with hands-on practice following a proven curriculum that provides numerous hands-on opportunities to simply do it. Practice! – Practice! – Practice!
Here’s the Electrical Troubleshooting Curriculum
Visit our web site for more info!
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

135. Electrical Troubleshooting Trainer
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
1st Hands-On Trainer - H-111A “The Starter Kit”
Electrical Troubleshooting Trainer
The First Step in learning how to troubleshoot a vehicle electrical circuit. This circuit demonstrates with hands-on application how circuits work, how circuits fail and how to troubleshoot an electrical circuit to find the problem.
Contains 32 electrical problems for hands-on practice finding electrical problems in a circuit using a DMM. Easily insert electrical problems.
Power Board H-PCB01 (top)
Lamp Board H-PCB02 (bottom)
Power Supply H-PS01 (supplied with kit)
Call or visit our web site for more info!
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

136. Electrical Troubleshooting Trainer
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
H-111A “The Starter Kit”
Electrical Troubleshooting Trainer
Workbook H-WB111A guides students through exercises with hands-on practice covering circuit operation and circuit testing methods with a DMM. Exercises include measuring circuit voltage, voltage drops and tracing voltage through the circuit.
32 Electrical problems are inserted on the bottom of the circuit boards following guide-lines in an Instructor Guide, H-IG111A. Troubleshooting is performed on the top of the circuit boards.
Call or visit our web site for more info!
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

137. 2nd Hands-On Trainer - H-113 “Troubleshooting DC Motor Circuits”
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
2nd Hands-On Trainer - H-113 “Troubleshooting DC Motor Circuits”
DC Motor Electrical Trainer H-113 includes circuit board H-PCB03 to demonstrate how DC Motor circuits work, how they fail and how to troubleshoot DC Motor circuits. Covers the new technology of Brushless DC Motors used as cooling fans, blower fans and fuel pumps. Also covers wire wound DC Motors used as blower fans and starter motors.
37 electrical problems allow hands-on practice finding all the ways electrical problems occur in DC Motor circuits using a DMM and Current Clamp. 5 advanced circuit problems contain multiple faults. One exercise shows students how to test the brushless DC Motor with a DMM’s Diode Test.
Call or visit our web site for more info!
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

138. H-PCB03 Connected to the Power Board - H-113
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
H-PCB03 Connected to the Power Board - H-113
The DC Motor Board is connected to the Power Board for live testing and troubleshooting.
Workbook H-WB113 guides student through a series of hands-on exercises to measure circuit voltages and voltage drops to identify electrical problems at any place in a DC Motor circuit. Instructor Guide H-IG113 has all the answers.
Electrical problems duplicate common DC Motor circuit failures that allow hands-on practice finding electrical problems using a DMM.
Power Board H-PCB01 (top)
DC Motor Board H-PCB03 (bottom)
Call or visit our web site for more info!
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

139. 3rd Hands-On Trainer H-115 “Troubleshooting Relay Circuits”
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
3rd Hands-On Trainer H-115 “Troubleshooting Relay Circuits”
Relay Circuit Electrical Trainer H-PCB05 demonstrates how relay circuits work, how they fail and how to troubleshoot relay circuits.
Troubleshooting relays involves two circuits that have to be tested in the proper sequence which is explained. This program also covers the electronics of spike suppression diodes and testing the spike suppression diode with a DMM.
To add realism to the 75 relay circuit trouble-shooting problems the relay is called the Fuel Pump Relay and the lamp represents the Fuel Pump. The customer complaint for each problem revolves around a fuel pump circuit problem to connect students to the real world.
Call or visit our web site for more info!
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

140. H-PCB05 Connected to Power Board = H-115
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
H-PCB05 Connected to Power Board = H-115
Relay Circuit Trainer H-PCB05 connects to the Power Board to complete the relay circuit for live relay circuit testing and troubleshooting.
Workbook H-WB115 with over 100 pages guides the student through relay operation, testing relay circuits and explaining the types of problems that occur in relay circuits. Provides 75 electrical problems to allow hands-on practice finding problems in relay circuits using a DMM. Students learn how to test a spike suppression diode in the relay.
Instructor Guide H-IG115 has all the answers. Power Board H-PCB01 (top)
Relay Board H-PCB05 (bottom)
Call or visit our web site for more info!
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

141. 4th Hands-On Trainer H-PCB06 “Wire Harness Troubleshooting”
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
4th Hands-On Trainer H-PCB06 “Wire Harness Troubleshooting”
Power Board Here
Lamp Board Here
(Master Brake Light)
Relay Board Here
(Fuel Pump Circuit)
DC Motor Board Here
(Engine Cooling Fan)
Call or visit our web site for more info!
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

142. Creating the “Mini-Electrical System” - H-116
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Creating the “Mini-Electrical System” - H-116
Wire Harness Electrical Trainer H-PCB06 creates a mini-electrical system (The M.E.S.) to demonstrate how the wire harness connects all circuits together into an electrical system. Illustrates with hands-on how electrical problems affect individual circuits.
Provides 115 electrical problems to allow hands-on practice finding electrical problems related to a wire harness failure such as a broken wire or corroded connection.
“Mini-Electrical-System” (The M.E.S.) Power Board H-PCB01 (top center)
Lamp Board H-PCB02 (bottom left)
Relay Board H-PCB05 (bottom center)
DC Motor Board H-PCB03 (bottom right)
Call or visit our web site for more info!
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

143. 5th Hands-On Trainer H-PCB06 “Wire Harness Troubleshooting”
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
5th Hands-On Trainer H-PCB06 “Wire Harness Troubleshooting”
There are two major areas technicians often overlook when attempting to repair CAN Bus system problems.
Problems in the network wiring that would exist when there is 60 ohms at DLC Pins 6 and 14.
Verify Nodes have good B+ voltage on all B+ pins and a good ground circuit on all B- pins.
These must be considered to repair many CAN Bus failures.
Call or visit our web site for more info!
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

144. CAN Bus Troubleshooting - H-200
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
CAN Bus Troubleshooting - H-200
The CAN Bus Trainer is connected to the Power Board. A workbook, H-WB200, guides the student through troubleshooting the CAN Bus network to identify wiring problems even when Pins 6 and 14 indicate 60 ohms.
Troubleshooting training provides ample opportunity for students to understand CAN Bus issues Practice live troubleshooting with 20 problems with broken wires in the 60 ohm network.
24 problems address when a node has low B+ or high B- connections preventing normal operation. CAN Bus trouble codes are used to describe each problem.
Call or visit our web site for more info!
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

145. “Vehicle Electrical Troubleshooting SHORTCUTS”
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Visit our web site for more information and to place an order or call (972)
Home Page:
60 Lesson Electronics Course on-line:
Hands-On Circuit Board Trainers:
Book
“Vehicle Electrical Troubleshooting SHORTCUTS”
Electrical Flip-Chart FIRST THINGS FIRST
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX

146. Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Auto-Truck Electrical-Electronics Hands-On Troubleshooting Training Program
Veejer Enterprises Inc., Garland, Texas, USA
Live long and Prosper!
Copyright © 2017 Veejer Enterprises Inc, Garland, TX