1. DANTE’S INFERNO
Canto I-III

2. DARK WOOD Vague on purpose
This helps communicate the disorientation of our narrator
Two very important things are communicated in this section
We understand knowledge to be a learning process
And we identify with our narrator
This section is symbolic of a time in ones life in which one needs guidance to keep from losing the “good way”
This is sort of “meandering forest”

3. THREE BEASTS Leopard – immoderate desires, Flattering Lion – violence
She wolf – fraud
Inspiration for the beasts comes from the biblical passage prophesying the destruction of those who refuse to repent of the sins
“wherefore a lion out of the wood hath slain them, a wolf in the evening hath spoiled the, a leopard watcheth for their cities: every one that shall go out thence shall be taken, because their transgressions are multiplied, their rebellions strethened” – Jeremiah 5:6

4. VIRGIL Narrator’s guide
Dante uses Virgil’s Aneid to shape his epic “Inferno”
Shapes his own version of the afterlife – Hell in particular
Virgil represents human reason
He causes Dante to begin to see things logically as opposed to emotionally

5. STRAIGHT WAY Dante says he has lost the “straight way”
We can relate to the protag by imagining many possible meanings for this deviation from the “strait way”
The thought is that abandonment of the “straight way” often indicates alienation from God
Dante views this veering as a metaphor for the moral and societal problems of this world

6. GREY HOUND First of several prophecies in the poem
A savior figure who will come to redirect the world to the path of truth and virtue

7. AENEAS AND PAUL
Compares himself negatively to two men who were in fact granted the privilege of journeying through the afterlife
Paul was transported the the “third Heaven (2 Corinthians 12:2)
Aeneas visits the underworld in book 6 of the Aeneid

8. THREE WOMEN Our story begins “in medias res” – in the middle of things
Virgil explains in canto 2 that he was summoned to Dante’s aid by Beatrice
Dante’s lover
Beatrice states that she was summoned by Lucia (St. Lucy)
Martyred and often associated with light and vision
She stabbed out her eyes to keep herself pure
Mary
Mother of Jesus

9. COWARDS We are at an in between place
These souls are neither good enough for heaven nor are they bad enough for Hell
fence-sitters, wafflers, opportunists, and neutrals--are the angels who refused to choose between God and Lucifer
Dante used the following verse from the Bible as inspiration for this
Revelation 3:16: "But because thou art lukewarm and neither cold nor hot, I will begin to vomit thee out of my mouth."

10. ABANDON ALL HOPE The Gate of Hell
Once you pass through the gate, the hope of turning back is very slim
Dante’s Hell is a creation not of evil and the devil, but rather of his Christian God
He establishes this with his warning “Abandon every hope all you who enter”
This communicates that Hell is intended to be punishment for sinners

11. CHARON
Charon is the pilot of a boat that transports the dead--newly arrived from the world above--across the waters into the lower world
Dante gets inspiration for this from the Aeneid
Aeneas gets ferried across by Charon
At first Charon objects to taking a living man on his boat
However, in each story, the protagonist's guide-- the Sibyl for Aeneas, Virgil for Dante--provides the proper credentials for gaining passage on Charon's boat