1. Renaissance And Reformation
Chapter 6

2. I.
With the fall of Constantinople in 1453, a revival of learning, known as the Renaissance, began in Italy.
Renaissance means ‘rebirth’
14th – 17th century period of time in Europe

3. Lorenzo de Medici
Renaissance man of Florence, Italy

4. Johannes Gutenberg
invented the printing press ­ making literary works available to the public at a very low cost.

5. Renaissance Art
Art and architecture moved away from the Gothic style during the Renaissance.

6. anatomy
The structure of humans, animals and plants

7. shading
Dimensions were added to art

8. perspective
Giving depth to paintings

9. Difference between Medieval art and Renaissance art
Knowledge of anatomy
Use of shading
Study of perspective

10. Leonardo de Vinci
painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper.

11. Michelangelo painted the Sistine Chapel’s ceiling.

12. The change in art reveals the shift from medieval to that of the people of the Renaissance who placed greater values on the created world and upon man

13. Renaissance Sculpture
Renaissance sculpture resembled the sculptures of the Greek and Romans.
Statues were lifelike, powerful, and stunning.

14. Ghiberti
Sculpted one of the greatest examples of renaissance relief in the doors for the baptistery of Florence

15. Renaissance churches and palaces were more solidly balanced on the ground

16. Brunelleschi
Designed the famous Cathedral of Florence with the eight-sided dome

17. During the Renaissance, many learned to read books written in Latin & Greek
This enhanced of learning in a variety of different subjects.

18. The study of humanities (involving subjects that covered man’s interests) differed from the subjects taught in the Middle Ages.
Human experience and human interests were at the core of humanities.
One of the goals of Renaissance education was to interest a student in a variety of subjects.

19. Petrarch
Pioneer in Renaissance humanism and central figure in Italian literature
Became known as the ‘Father of Humanism’

20. Castiglione
Italian author who wrote a book on manners during the Renaissance.
Manners were very important to the middle class.

21. Machiavellie
Wrote The Prince, which represented the Renaissance trend of freeing people from religious tradition.
This idea allows man to be the measure of all things.

22. Erasmus
From Rotterdam, was one of the most highly regarded and influential scholars of the Renaissance.
Mastered both Latin and Greek.
Wrote Praise of Folly which was a satire to expose the many abuses within the Roman Church.
Publisher of a Greek New Testament

23. Thomas More Close friend of Erasmus.
Served in the court of King Henry VIII in England.
Wrote Utopia a story about an imaginary country based on Christian principles and the philosophy of Plato.

24. Positive Consequences
Led men to inquire and seek truth
Resulted in discontentment with Roman Church
Renewed interest in manuscripts and languages of the Bible
Renewed importance of the individual
Movable-type printing made Bibles and other literature more available

25. Negative Consequences
Emphasis on man’s ability in contrast to trusting revelation from God
Weakened moral restraints
Failure of the Church of Rome to provide a moral example to restrain evil

26. S.A. Ch. 6 # 1 Utopia Stealing someone’s money
The life of man is worth more than all the riches in the world. God’s law does not require death for stealing No
Shepherd, jailer, physician
They fight, are willing to rebel, have nothing to lose.

27. S.A. Ch. 6 # 2 Erasmus and Access to Scripture
He disagrees: the Scriptures are meant to be read and understood by everyone
“Christ taught so complicated a doctrine that it can hardly be understood by even a handful of theologians”
Women, plowboys, weavers, travelers, ditch diggers
He who teaches “by example of his own life that riches are to be despised, that the Christian man must not put his faith in the defenses of the world, but depend on Heaven..all good men should love each other”
No; anyone "inspired by the spirit” who “preaches things of this kind” can be a theologian.

28. II. Discontent with the Church of Rome
Transubstantiation describes Rome’s teaching that the wine and bread in the Lord’s Supper become the very blood and body of Christ.

29. Inquisition Established by the Roman church
Church court that was established to find and punish heretics

30. Boniface VIII
Decreed that everyone must submit to the pope

31. The church found itself with three popes instead of one
The Council of Constance accepted the resignation of the 3 popes and elected Pope Martin V

32. A paper that supposedly grants pardon from the punishment of sins is called an indulgence.

33. Pope Leo X authorized the sale of indulgences to raise money for the Roman Church.

34. Practices that led to discontentment among Europeans
Cruelty of the Inquisition
Confession to a priest
Failure of church councils to reform the Roman Church
Sale of Indulgences

35. In Erasmus’ pretend dialogue between Peter and Pope Julius II, Peter excludes the pope from heaven.

36. S. A. Ch. 6 # 3 “Why Monks Are Shunned”
The robe and cowl
Human sins
A monkey
Peasants who work, soldiers who guard, doctors who attend the sick, teachers, preachers, and merchants who supply goods
They mocked them and hated them
By ringing bells

37. III. Refomation
John Wycliffe was a pastor, teacher, and theologian in England.

38. John Huss was a pastor in Bohemia who was influenced by Wycliffe’s teachings.

39. Martin Luther
Wrote Ninety-five Theses which pointed out 95 disagreements with the Roman Church based on scripture

40. Martin Luther
Excommunicated from the Roman Church when he refused to recant his heretical beliefs.
Recant - you no longer hold an opinion or belief, especially one that is heretical.
Excommunication-the dismissal of an individual from the Roman church. They were denied a possibility of salvation.

41. Martin Luther
‘The just shall live by faith.’ (Romans 1:17) led to Luther’s salvation.
Translated the Bible into German

42. Protestant The term came from Germany
Became accepted when German princes protested the attempt by Roman Catholic princes in Germany to stop the Reformation.

43. Zwingli
Reformer in Switzerland

44. Reforming attempts in Switzerland resulted in a Swiss civil war

45. Anabaptist
Those who Baptize again

46. John Calvin
Homeland was France
Leading figure in the reformation

47. Central Doctrines Scripture alone Faith alone
Priesthood of the believer

48. Reformation spread throughout Europe

49. Luther’s family set an example for Christian families

50. Reaction of the Church of Rome
Society of Jesus
Jesuits were a Catholic monastic order that was founded to stop the Reformation and reverse the gains of Protestant converts

51. Reaction of the Church of Rome
Inquisition
Index of Prohibited Books
Council of Trent

52. Huguenots
French Protestants

53. The Thirty Years’ War
The last great religious war in Europe

54. Edict of Nantes
Decree by Henry of Navarre issued to ensure religious toleration in France