1. Journal #11 Dissenters – people who disagree with official opinions
Covenant – sacred agreement
Proprietors – owners
Get out your Vocab drawings and have them on your desk

2. Announcements Test Results (Class Averages)
2nd Hour 76.1 – 5 yards
4th Hour 72.7
1st Hour 70.6
If test scores do not go up on the written section you will lose the privilege of your review sheet

3. The Colonies from New England to Georgia

4. Bonus Questions
Who were the Pilgrims? What was their first ship? Where did they land?
What were the 3 problems with the Jamestown settlement?
How did Jamestown finally become profitable (make money)?

5. The Great Migration
England experiences an economic downturn in the 1620s
At the same time the Church of England starts to punish Puritans for being dissenters
These problems led to the Great Migration
Between 1630 and 1640 over 40,000 English emigrants moved overseas
Mostly to the Caribbean and New England

7. The Massachusetts Bay Colony
In 1629, a group of Puritans and merchants plan a Puritan colony
They land in Massachusetts in 1630 led by John Winthrop

8. The Puritans Were well prepared to start their colony
They brought lots of tools and livestock
They could trade with Plymouth
A healthier climate than Virginia
By the end of 1630 over 1,000 men, women, and children came to New England
Towns: Salem, Mystic, Newton, Watertown, and the main city and capital Boston

9. Government in New England
Puritan governments were closely linked to the church – only male church members could vote
In 1636, a minister named Thomas Hooker decided to leave Massachusetts to found Connecticut

10. Thomas Hooker
In 1639 he helped write the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut which made Connecticut’s government more democratic
“The father of American democracy” – His ideas include
Voting rights for a larger group of people
A government that must answer to the people
To set limitations on power through elections

11. Daily Life and Customs
Centered on religion, everyone attended church – 2 sermons every Sunday
Life was much more stable than in Virginia
Most people in Virginia were wealthy or poor while people in New England were usually in between
People in New England grew crops to eat not to sell, they didn’t need as many workers (slaves)
Family was important
Education was more important in New England, most could read (Harvard was founded in 1636)

12. Dissent in Massachusetts
Not all Puritans agreed on everything
Roger Williams did not agree with the leadership of Massachusetts or like that the colony took land from Native Americans
Williams is forced to leave for spreading “diverse, new, and dangerous opinions,” he starts his own colony called Providence (later Rhode Island) based upon 2 principles
Religious tolerance as long as it is separate from government
Fair dealings with Native Americans

13. Dissent in Massachusetts
In Boston, Anne Hutchinson angered the Puritan leaders by publicly discussing her “radical” ideas
Hutchinson is forced out of the colony and starts her own colony (Portsmouth)

14. The Salem Witch Trials When: In the early 1690s
What: A series of trials in which young girls accused women of casting spells on them
Why: This led to 19 women being put to death, many church leaders later regretted their actions

15. The Southern and Middle Colonies
3.4

16. Maryland
Many English Catholics came to America to escape religious persecution
In 1632 Cecilius Calvert, AKA Lord Baltimore was given a charter to found a new colony
He was a proprietor he did not go to this colony
The colony is a refuge for English Catholics – it is named Maryland after Queen Henrietta Maria

17. Maryland Was located just north of Virginia in the Chesapeake Bay area
Protestants begin moving to Maryland in the 1640s – conflict arises
To reduce tension, Lord Baltimore gets the Toleration Act of 1649 passed
It makes restricting religious rights a crime
One of the first laws supporting religious tolerance

18. The Carolinas
In 1663 King Charles II gave the land between Virginia and Spanish Florida to 8 men
They called it Carolina – which is a Latin form of Charles
Because the area was too big to govern, it is split into two colonies in 1712 – North and South

19. The Carolinas North Carolina had few plantations
Rice production in South Carolina required a lot of labor
By 1730 there are 20,000 slaves and 10,000 free whites
It is the only colony with more slaves than whites
The British government buys North and South Carolina from proprietors in the early 1700s

20. The Diversity of New York and New Jersey
The Dutch originally founded New Netherland on Manhattan Island in 1613
Cheap land and religious tolerance brought Jews, French, Puritans and others to New Netherland
In 1664, the English took control of new Netherland and renamed it New York
The fur trade and wheat production were important to the economy

21. New Jersey
Was created in 1664 between the Hudson and Delaware rivers
It also had a diverse population of Dutch, Swedes, Finns, and Scots

22. Pennsylvania
Quakers were one of the largest religious groups in New Jersey
They rejected formal religious practices
Believed in nonviolence and religious tolerance
Because of their beliefs they were persecuted in England and in the colonies

23. William Penn Was a Quaker from New Jersey
He wanted to establish a larger colony that would be a safe home for Quakers, he helps to establish Pennsylvania in 1681
Pennsylvania grew rapidly because of its fair laws and low land prices
Penn named the capital of his colony Philadelphia, or the city of brotherly love.
He laid out the city himself in a checkerboard pattern that became a model for future city planners
Penn bought Delaware in 1682, it was part of Pennsylvania until 1776

24. Georgia
In 1732 King George II granted a charter to establish a colony between South Carolina and Spanish Florida
James Oglethorpe was its founder
The King wanted this colony to be a shield between the English and Spanish colonies
This colony was for poor English citizens including some who had been in jail for unpaid debts
Oglethorpe and 120 others found Savannah, GA on the coast in 1733
Originally Oglethorpe outlawed slavery to avoid large plantations with wealthy land owners
In 1752 Georgia became a royal colony and was soon filled with large rice plantations and thousands of slaves