1. From Pearl Harbor to Manzanar

2. Public Response to Pearl Harbor
Shock, indignation: Pearl Harbor deemed a sneak attack---not war by “gentlemen’s rules”
In addition to patriotism and unity, harassment, propaganda, ANGER, HYSTERIA

3. Fear of Sabotage & Spying

4. Pre WWII racism toward people of Japanese descent made internment possible
1905: Asiatic Exclusion League—SF
1907 California law makes it illegal for Japanese to own property
Japanese farm laborers deported from towns by vigilante groups-Turlock, CA 1921
1924 National Origins Act (anti-immigration law) signed by Coolidge--effectively ends Japanese immigration

5. Demonizing the Enemy

10. = Fear of Sabotage & Spying + Anti-Japanese racism
110,000 Japanese Americans put into 10 internment camps

11. Japanese Farms in California and Internment Policy

14. LEAVING
HOME

17. Life in the Internment Camps

29. Internment and the Constitution
Korematsu vs. US
Supreme Court rules internment Constitutional
Court could not second-guess military decisions
but once loyalty was established, then you couldn’t hold the person
(by then, the camps were being closed down)

30. What were the results?
Greatest violation of civil liberties on the homefront
$105 million of farmland lost
$500 million in yearly income, plus uncalculated personal savings
No act of sabotage proved
March ‘46: camps closed
1988 Official govt. apology + reparations
1990: $20,000 to each internee