1. C. Curceanu and J. Zmeskal LNF-INFN and SMI-OEAW
SIDDHARTA results and
future perspectives (SIDDHARTA-2)
C. Curceanu and J. Zmeskal
LNF-INFN and SMI-OEAW
(On behalf of SIDDHARTA)
LNF – SC, 40th meeting, 24 June 2010

2. Network WP9 – LEANNIS – FP7- I3HP2
SIDDHARTA
SIlicon Drift Detector for Hadronic Atom Research by Timing Applications
LNF- INFN, Frascati, Italy
SMI- ÖAW, Vienna, Austria
IFIN – HH, Bucharest, Romania
Politecnico, Milano, Italy
MPE, Garching, Germany
PNSensors, Munich, Germany
RIKEN, Japan
Univ. Tokyo, Japan
Victoria Univ., Canada
EU Fundings: JRA10 – FP6 - I3HP
Network WP9 – LEANNIS – FP7- I3HP2

3. SIDDHARTA measurements in 2009: - Kaonic helium 4 – published in Phys
SIDDHARTA measurements in 2009: - Kaonic helium 4 – published in Phys. Lett. B 681 (2009) 310; another paper in preparation - PhD - Kaonic Hydrogen for about 400 pb-1 – under analysis – best measurement in the world (sensible improvement of the DEAR results) - Ph D - Kaonic deuterium for about 100 pb-1, as an exploratory first measurement ever (under analysis) – Ph D - Kaonic helium 3 – first measurement in the world, about 15 pb-1 (under analysis) - tesi Ph D SIDDHARTA – school for young researchers -

5. Energy calibration Calibration: periodic xray-tube switch on
Ti Ka
Ti Kb
Fe Ka
Fe Kb
Mn Ka
Cu Kb
Cu Ka
Au La
esc Cu Ka Zn
tail
Calibration: periodic
xray-tube switch on
during beam
Ti + Cu Ka lines
line shape to fit
detector response
(sum of 100 sdds
with individual resolution, small
asymmetry effect)
MENU 2010, Cargnelli
energy (keV) 5 5

6. Kaonic hydrogen data
shift about 270 eV
Width about 500 eV 6

7. Kaonic deuterium data Hints (2 sigma) for: shift about 700 eV
Width about 800 eV 7

8. p r e l i m i n a r y Kaonic hydrogen fit
from the kaonic hydrogen spectrum the KD specturm was subtracted to get rid of the
kaonic background lines KO, KN. KH
(4-1),..
(9-1) KH
(2-1) KH
(3-1)
p r e l i m i n a r y
Note: Khigh
yield pattern
energy (keV)

9. Kaonic hydrogen
siddharta preliminary

10. First SIDDHARTA paper on Physics:
KHe4
Phys. Lett. B 681 (2009) 310 10

11. Published results Kaonic Helium-4 publication
confirming the KEK E570 result using a gaseous target
- KHe4 publication concerning yields of the transitions:
under preparation
[1,2,3] liquid He, [5] liq. He, Compton scattering corrected, [This] gaseous He, Compton negligable 11 11

12. 12

13. More data on Kaonic Helium 4
KHe used for
gasstop optimization
+ physics interest1)
data from setup 2
(no Fe55 source)
transition e.m.energy events
(3-2) ± 37
(4-2) ± 21
(5-2) ± 19
(6-2) ± 25
higher < ± 41
KHe (3-2)
p r e l i m i n a r y
Counts / bin
shift => eV (stat.)
KC (5-4)
KHe (4-2)
KHe (6-2)
Ti Ka
KC (6-5)
KHe (5-2)
KO (6-5)
KHe Lhigh
KO (7-6)
KN (5-4)
1) compare KEK E570
KHe L lines in liquid He,
consistent result,
first measurement in gas
X ray energy (keV) 13

14. p r e l i m i n a r y Kaonic Helium 3 shift = - 1.7 eV
data of ~ 15 pb-1
taken
transition e.m.energy events
(3-2) ± 40
(4-2) ± 22
(5-2) ± 18
(6-2) ± 24
higher < ± 40
KHe (3-2)
KHe3
never measured before !
p r e l i m i n a r y
Counts / bin
KC (5-4)
shift = eV
eV (stat.)
+- 4 eV (syst.)
KHe (6-2)
Ti Ka
KHe (4-2)
KC (6-5)
KHe (5-2)
KHe Lhigh
KN (5-4)
KO (7-6)
KO (6-5)
X ray energy (keV) 14

15. Summary of SIDDHARTA results
SIDDHARTA data taking finished Nov 2009.
Preliminary results:
K-p shift ~ 270 eV, width ~500 eV higher precision then in DEAR
K-d first measurement ever, exploratory measurement, small signal, significance ~ 2s
KHe4 measured for the first time in gaseous target,
KHe3 first time measurement 15

16. SIDDHARTA2
setup
KLOE
setup

17. 17

18. 18

19. 19

20. SIDDHARTA2 physics – enriched case
(LEANNIS meeting at LNF, 8-9 April 2010
SIDDHARTA2: 1) Kaonic deuterium measurement 2) Investigate the possibility of the measurement of other types of hadronic exotic atoms (sigmonic hydrogen ?) 3) Kaonic helium transitions to the 1s level (and more precise measurements to 2p level) 4) Other light kaonic atoms (KO, KC,…) 4) Heavier kaonic atoms measurement (Si, Pb…) 5) Kaon mass precision measurement at the level of <10 keV 6) Kaon capture in hydrogen – L(1405) study

22. from MESON 2010 by E. Friedman

23. from MESON 2010 by E. Friedman

24. from MESON 2010 by E. Friedman

25. from MESON 2010 by E. Friedman

26. from MESON 2010 by E. Friedman

27. SIDDHARTA SETUP
40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

28. Phase 1 vacuum chamber more cooling power new target design
new SDD arrangement
improved trigger scheme
40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

29. Vacuum chamber
40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

30. New cooling systems Target cooling: 1 Leybold – 16 W @ 20 K
Liquid hydrogen cooling lines,
new target cell, selected materials
SDD cooling:
4 CryoTiger – K
Liquid argon cooling lines:
SDD cooling to 100 – 120 K
40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

31. New SDD / preamplifier arrangement
holder
port for
in-situ
calibration
40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

32. Kaon trigger / shielding
planar Si
SDD chip
Pb-shielding
target
cell
kaon trigger K-
40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

33. Phase 2 detector arrangement below IR
40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

34. Detector arrangement below IR
50 cm
K+-
Pb shielding
HP-Ge
HP-Ge
20cm2, GMX coaxial
5 – 1000 keV
Ortec
8cm2, semi planar
6 – 500 keV
Eurisys
LN2
LN2
solid target
40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

35. Further improvements anti-coincidence additional x-ray detectors
additional -ray detectors
40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

36. Shielding / anti-coincidences
40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

37. Additional X-ray detectors
Si-PIN diodes
under development
40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

38. Additional -ray detectors
-ray detection: few MeV to 100 MeV
40th - LNF Scientific Committee JZ

39. The strategy for the first measurement campaign is obviously the measurement of kaonic deuterium in 2012.
Based on the SIDDHARTA findings, the actual S/B rate for KH is at the level 1/5, meaning an S/B ratio for Kd at the level 1/50-1/100 (lower yield and larger width).
With the factors gained from the setup improvement, the S/B for Kd is becoming 1/5-1/10, making a measurement in the range of a few 10 eV precision feasible for an
integrated luminosity of about 600 pb-1,
which could then become the first good measurement of Kd ever performed.

40. The other campaign measurements will be dedicated to:
kaonic helium measurements to 1s levels, and kaonic oxygen
solid target measurements : Sn, Si, Ca, Ni targets
- MeV measurements for radiative kaon capture in hydrogen (re-measuring kaonic hydrogen as well)
measurements with a setup below the beam pipe could be done in parallel with the others measurements, as soon as a preliminary setup will be ready
crystal spectrometer measurements need completely new setup – the strategy is under evaluation.

41. DAFNE represents (as always did) an EXCELLENT FACILITY in the sector of
low-energy interaction studies of kaons with nuclear matter.
It is actually the IDEAL facility for kaonic atoms studies and the SIDDHARTA-2 collaboration, with its broad international nature, is convinced that NOW AND HERE the measurements could be done.
(Or else, the future in this sector might remain open, with all its fundamental implications).

42. Acknowledgements
The SIDDHARTA2 Collaboration is very grateful to the DANE staff for the continuous support and help not only in running DEAR and SIDDHARTA, but in having it made possible to pursue the adventure by proposing the SIDDHARTA2 measurements.
We thank as well all LNF services whose contribution was and we are sure, will continue to be fundamental.
We are as well grateful to the LNF-INFN Director, Prof. Mario Calvetti, for his support and continuous encouragement.
We acknowledge the INFN support and help (in particular to Prof. A. Bracco).
We acknowledge the support in the framework of EU FP6 and FP7 HadronPhysics and HadronPhysics2 projects.
Last but not least we thank all our theoretician colleagues and friends in LEANNIS.
We thank as well the following financing agencies: OEAW (SMI), IFIN-HH.