2. In English we say I hope that… to express hopes or wishes. Verbs that follow such expressions of hope dont require a special verb form. However, in Spanish they do! This is what the subjunctive tense is all about.

3. One way to express a hope or wish is to use the phrase Ojalá que… with the present subjunctive. Subjunctive formation is similar to commands.

4. AR verbs first. Start with the Yo form of the verb. Drop the o Ad the following ends: e, es, e, emos, en Hablar – Hablo HableHablemos Hables HableHablen

5. ER/IR verbs Start with the Yo form Drop the o Add the following endings; a, as, a,amos, an Escribir – Escribo EscribaEscribamos Escribas Escribaescriban

6. If you are expressing a FACT you do not use the subjunctive Ejemplo: Ganamos un premio hoy If you are expressing HOPE you DO use the subjunctive Ojalá que ganemos un premio hoy.

7. Stem changing verbs and irregular formations in the present keep their irregularites! Pensar = Pienso Poder = Puedo Tener = Tengo

8. Page 340 Exercise 6

9. GAR, CAR, and ZAR When forming the present subjunctive of verbs ending in CAR, GAR, or ZAR change the spelling of the verb stem Sacar – c become qu – saque Pagar g become gu – pague Empezar z becomes c - empiece

10. Page 341 Exercise 8