1. Creating a Safety Program for Your Small Business
Northern CA Automotive
Repair Association
Safety Meeting
Creating a Safety Program for Your Small Business

2. Four Elements of a Workplace Safety
1st Element – Management, leadership and employee engagement
2nd Element – Workplace analysis
3rd Element – Hazard prevention and control
4th Element – Safety and health training education

3. 1st Element – Management, Leadership and Employee Engagement
Employer and employee involvement and communication on workplace safety and health issues are essential
Post the company’s written safety and health policy for all employees to see
Involve all employees in policy making on safety and health issues
Everyone must take part an active part in safety activities

4. Management, Leadership and Employee Engagement
What is workplace safety?
The process in protecting employees from work related illness and injury
Where does safety begin?
It begins by the development of a company’s environment, safety and health policy statement. Then implementing the businesses workplace safety plan and program

5. Basic Principles of Good Safety Management
Management commitment
Documented safety philosophy
Safety goals and objectives
Committee organization for safety
Line responsibility for safety
Supportive safety staff
Rules and procedures
Safety audits
Safety communication
Safety training
Accident investigations
Motivation for a safety work environment

6. Management, Leadership and Employee Engagement
Company’s must promote the goal of ZERO INCIDENT PERFORMANCE through planning
Safety goals must be communicated – they must be realistic and they need to reflect the safety culture of your company
Your safety culture requires strong commitment from the top and SAFETY must truly be the #1 PRIOTRY
It must become an integral part of your business and safety must become EVERYONE’S responsibility

7. Benefits of a ZERO Incident Safety Policy
Safety standards are communicated to all EMPLOYEES
Responsibilities for implementing standards are understood and accepted
Records will document how standards and best practices are completed
Internal management control
Cost avoidance
Improved quality

8. Benefits of a ZERO Incident Safety Policy…continued
Better productivity
Team building
Unsafe behavior stands out
Unsafe behavior is unacceptable
Safe work is influenced through peer pressure
Consistent planning and task execution

9. Key Safety Principles Working safety is a CONDITION of employment
Each employee is EXPECTED to give consideration to the prevention of injury to self and co-workers
Involvement and thinking of all employees in the safety process is valued and expected
Continual improvement is a GOAL
Employees and teams must be recognized for their adherence to and advancement of safety

10. Maintaining an Incident Free Environment
Shared vision
Cultural Alignment
Cultural Change
Focus on incident control
Upstream systems
Feedback from all employees and management
Maintaining the 4 A’s
Commitment

11. Engage in Safety Activities
Safety must be EVERYONE’S concern. In small companies the role of a safety coordinator can be incorporated into their job description. In larger companies a safety director, officer or manager is usually in charge of the workplace safety program and appoints a safety committee to assist in implementing a safety program in the workplace
Committee’s should be made up of different individuals with different backgrounds and abilities

12. Engage in Safety Activities…continued
Encourage employees to lead and participate in the weekly, monthly or quarterly safety meetings
Taking personal actions and working directly with supervisors to identify, control, or eliminate potential safety hazards
Reporting of all injuries, near misses or accidents immediately
Involvement in incident/accident investigations corrective actions and sharing lessons learned

13. Element #2 – Worksite Analysis
Analyze all work conditions to identify and eliminate existing or potential hazards
An outline of the procedure for reporting hazards
Perform analysis on a regular and timely basis
Make certain all employees know and understand current hazards analysis for all jobs and processes
Focus workplace design on all physical aspects of the work environment, including the following:
Size and arrangement of work space
Physical demands of the task to be performed
Design of tools and other devices people use

14. Element #2 – Worksite Analysis
The fundamental GOAL of a workplace design is to improve employees ability to be productive, without errors or accidents for an extended periods. Proper workplace design improves both safety and productivity
Review incident causes, inspection results to help identify trends
Knowledge of Emergency Response Plans and Procedures and participation in drills

15. Identifying and Evaluating Potential Hazards Safety Audits/Inspections
Purpose – Inspection of work areas and audits of safety programs are tools that can be used to identify problems and hazards before these conditions result in accidents or injuries. Audits also help to identify the effectiveness of safety program management and can be used as a guide to assure regulatory compliance and a safe work environment

16. Identifying and Evaluating Potential Hazards Safety Audits/Inspections
Responsibilities
Management
Design and schedule audit and inspection procedures for all work areas, processes and procedures
Conduct routine audits and inspections
Ensure audits are conducted by employees who understand the various safety programs and policies
Supervisors
Conduct informal daily and weekly safety inspections. Ensure all unsafe conditions are corrected

17. Identifying and Evaluating Potential Hazards Safety Audits/Inspections
Corrections
All safety discrepancies identified during audits and inspections should be corrected as soon as possible
Documentation of corrections should be made on their audit or inspection worksheet

18. Types of Inspections
Supervisor & Management Daily Walk-Through: this undocumented inspection that is made daily prior to startup and shift change to ensure the facility and equipment are in safe conditions for employees
Weekly Supervisor Inspections are conducted and recorded with an employee. This documented inspection provides a focus to ensure current hazard controls are still effective, equipment is in safe condition and safe work practices are in use. Discrepancies are listed on the inspection worksheet and recorded on work orders for correction

19. Types of Inspections…continued
Monthly Safety Committee Inspection: each month members of the Safety Committee will tour the entire facility with the safety manager. This tour is to ensure the Safety Committee members are familiar with all areas of the operation. Record of problem areas, committee recommendations and deficiencies will be recorded and provided to management
Noise Survey are conducted at least annually, or whatever facility modifications are made that impact the ambient or specific work area noise levels

20. Equipment Inspections
Are conducted to ensure specific safety equipment is in good working order and will function when needed. Examples and frequencies are:
All construction equipment - daily, weekly, monthly and yearly (record all findings)
Sprinkler inspection – monthly
Boiler checks – daily, weekly, monthly and yearly
Emergency lighting test – monthly
Fire extinguishers – monthly
Safety equipment inventories – monthly
Hand tools – daily
Scaffolding - daily

21. Program Audits
Are conducted to check the administration of specific safety and health programs. Program audits of the following shall be conducted annually
Accident & fire prevention
Material handling
Flammable material storage
Hazard communication
Personal protective equipment
Asbestos control
Boiler safety
Contractor safety
Electrical safety
Tool safety
Hot work
Respiratory protection

22. Possible Hazards
It is every employees responsibility to be on the lookout for possible hazards. These hazards need to be reported immediately
Slippery floors, walkways and open holes in floors
Tripping hazards, such as holes links, piping, extension cords
Missing (or inoperative) entrance, exit signs and lighting
Loose handrails or guard rails
Open, loose or broken windows
Dangerously piled supplies or equipment (HOUSEKEEPING)
Unlocked doors and gates

23. Possible Hazards…continued
It is every employees responsibility to be on the lookout for possible hazards. These hazards need to be reported immediately
Electrical equipment left operating, frayed cords, no LOTO, panel doors left open, blocked access to electrical panels
Leaks of stream, water, oil, other liquids, roof leaks, etc.
Blocked aisles, emergency exits and fire extinguishers
Evidence of any equipment running hot or over heating
Safety devices not operating properly – Warning signs not in place
Machine, power transmissions, or drive guards missing, damaged loose or improperly placed

24. Communication Identification and Training
The OSHA standard
32 million employees work with or are exposed to one or more chemical hazards
Are an estimated 650,000 existing chemical products and this poses a serious problem
OSHA issued the Hazard Communication standard 29 CFR , to address this issue
Hazardous Communication standard is based on simple concept; that employees have both a need and a RIGHT TO KNOW the hazards and identifies of the chemicals they are exposed to when working

25. Hazard Communication
OSHAs Hazard Communication standard gives employees the right to know about chemical hazards in the workplace. Employers have an obligation to provide employees with training, information, personal protective equipment and other safety measures dealing with chemical hazards
Employees need to remember to:
Take training seriously and pay attention
Read labels and Material Safety Data Sheets
Know where to find the Material Safety Data Sheets
Use appropriate Personal Protective Equipment
Know correct emergency procedures
Use safe work habits

26. Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
Drug Free Workplace
Recognition and Awards
Audits and Surveillances
Incident Reporting & Investigation
Lessons Learned
General Safety SOPs

27. Protecting Employees from Workplace Hazards
Employers must protect employees from hazards such as falling objects, harmful substances, and noise exposures that can cause injury
Employers must:
Use all feasible engineering and work practice controls to eliminate and reduce hazards
Use personal protective equipment (PPE) if the controls don’t eliminate the hazards
PPE is the LAST level of control

28. Engineering Controls
Engineering Controls – consist of substitution, isolation, ventilation and equipment modification
If…
The work environment can be physically changed to prevent employee exposure to the potential hazard
Then…
The hazard can be eliminated with an engineering control

29. Work Practice/Administrative Controls
Administrative Controls – any procedure which significantly limits daily exposure by control or manipulation of the work schedule or manner in which work is performed
If…
Employees can change the way they do their jobs and the exposure to the potential hazard is removed,
Then…
The hazard can be eliminated with a work practice or administrative control
Remember…PPE is the LAST level of control!!!

30. Examples of PPE Body Part Protection Eye Safety glasses, goggles,etc.
Face
Face shields
Head
Hard hats
Feet
Safety shoes
Hands and arms
Gloves
Bodies
Vests
Hearing
earplugs, earmuffs

31. PPE Compliance
IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE EMPLOYEE, SUPERVISOR AND HEALTH AND SAFETY REPRESENTATIVE
TO ENSURE THAT PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IS CORRECTLY CHECKED, STORED AND MAINTAINED!!

32. PPE Compliance Employer Asses workplace for hazards Provide PPE
Determine when to use
Provide PPE training for employees and instruction in proper use
Employee
Use PPE in accordance with training received and other instructions
Inspect daily and maintain in a clean and reliable condition

33. PPE Compliance
Procedures for selecting, providing, training, and using PPE as part of an employer’s routine operation
Assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which necessitate the use of PPE
Select the proper PPE
Train employees who are required to use PPE
*See checklist A in OSHA Publication 3151, Assessing the need for PPE, A Guide for Small Business Employers, to establish a PPE program

34. PPE Training
Employees required to use PPE must be trained to know at least the following:
Why training is necessary?
When PPE is necessary?
How will it protect them?
What are its limitations?
What type of PPE is necessary?
How to properly put on, take off, adjust and wear the PPE

35. PPE Training…continued
Proper care and maintenance of the PPE
How to clean and disinfect?
How to identify signs of wear?
What’s its useful life & how it’s disposed?
Each affected employee must demonstrate an understanding of the required training and the ability to use PPE properly, before being allowed to perform work requiring the use of PPE
When an employee does not have the required skill and understanding, retraining is required

36. Who Pays for PPE?
On November 14, 2007 OSHA announced a new rule requiring employers to pay for almost all PPE that is required by OSHAs general industry, construction, and maritime standards
Under the rule, all PPE, with a few expectations, will be provided at no cost to the employee
Many employers already pay for approximately 95% of the employees PPE

37. Who Pays for PPE? Employee-owner PPE and replacement PPE
When an employee provides his/her own PPE, the employer must ensure that the equipment is adequate to protect the employee from hazards at the workplace
The employer is required to pay for replacement PPE used to comply with OSHA standards
However, when an employee has lost or intentionally damaged PPE, the employer is not required to pay for its replacement

38. PPE Summary Employers must implement a PPE program where they:
Assess the workplace for hazards
Using engineering and work practice controls to eliminate or reduce hazards before using PPE
Select appropriate PPE to protect employees from hazards that cannot be eliminated
Inform employees why the PPE is necessary, how and when it must be worn
Train employees how to use and care for their PPE, including how to recognize deterioration and failure
Require employees to wear selected PPE

39. Element #4 – Safety and Health Training, Education
New Employee Orientation – view an actual Orientation film
Activity Hazard Analysis for every task performed and how to write them
A Written Safety Program – what it should look like
Trade or equipment specific safety training
OSHA 10 – 30 hour training classes
First Aid/CPR/AED/Blood Borne Pathogen

40. New Employee Orientation
Needs to include:
Emergency Contacts – emergency plan, evacuation procedures, meeting places
When & where daily safety meetings are held
Deal with harassment, fighting, horseplay – zero tolerance – removal from site
Firearms, weapons, drugs or alcohol prohibited & site testing policies
Hazard communications

41. New Employee Orientation…continued
Employee Responsibilities
Report ALL accidents, no matter how slight – this allows for prompt medical attention, and investigation and elimination of the cause that may place others in harms way
Accidents must be reported supervisors immediately
Immediately correct or report any unsafe condition or hazard noted in the workplace
Employees must support the Zero Accident philosophy to assist in providing an injury free workplace

42. New Employee Orientation…continued
Needs to include:
Personal Protective Equipment Requirements
Required work clothing
Rigging
Fall Protection – 100% at all times when there is fall potential of 6 feet or more scaffolding
Forklift, scissor and boom lift operations requirements
Ladder Safety
Electrical Safety

43. New Employee Orientation…continued
Needs to include:
Housekeeping
Fire Protection
Floor Openings
Overhead Hazards
Heavy Equipment
Other Hazards & Controls – No cell phones while operating equipment
Activity Hazard Analysis
Quality Control Issues

44. Written Accident Prevention Plans
The accident prevention plan required by EM 385 is not some vague, generic document typical of many construction companies that lists general safety rules such as prohibiting horseplay, or possession of firearms, alcoholic beverages or illicit drugs on the job, and mandatory wearing of long sleeved shirts, hard hats and safety glasses
Rather, it must be a detailed, site-specific written plan that describes the management processes that will be used to prevent accidents from occurring on a specific construction project

45. Written Accident Prevention Plans
Accident reporting must address
who, how and when information will be provided on exposure data such as man hours worked that can be used to evaluate safety performance
how major accidents will be reported, who will conduct accident investigations, and how and when reports and logs will be completed

46. Activity Hazard Analysis
An introduction to the “5 Step Process” of Activity Hazard Analysis (AHA)
Tools, materials and equipment they will need
Develop work methods and procedures for accomplishing the task
Identify existing and potential hazards, assessing the probability and risk
Most importantly identifying methods to eliminate or protect against any hazards

47. Activity Hazard Analysis
AHA requires employers to be proactive in aggressively identifying hazards that can be anticipated and controlling them rather than looking back with 20/20 hindsight

48. What Did We Learn?
Must first establish a Safety Statement, work on developing a Safety Cultural by following key safety principles, set goals and maintain a commitment for maintaining an Accident Free Environment
Implementation of a Safety Program involves all employees from top management to supervisors are a key component to making it work. A supervisor or another individual can be assigned specific responsibilities and can head up a company safety committee that works on developing the safety plans and programs

49. What Did We Learn?
The safety committee also reviews all incidents, accidents, near misses to determine contributing factors. While focusing on determining causes, it must always be remembered that the overall GOAL is to prevent similar accidents from occurring again
Worksite analysis are frequently needed. Audits and inspections help identify issues and corrective actions can be made prior to an incident happening. Must develop Standard Operating Procedures to give workers a plan to guide their work

50. What Did We Learn?
A BIG part of the workplace analysis comes through education of all employees to the hazards of chemicals and address through training employees on Hazardous Communication Standards
Understanding the hierarchy of controls: Engineering – Management – Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). You have learned that when exposure to hazards cannot be engineered out of normal operations and when safe work practices and administrative controls don’t provide sufficient protection then PPE may be required to keep employees safe
The essential need for New Employee Safety Orientation