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Ch 4 Openstax/6 Campbell:

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Presentation on theme: "Ch 4 Openstax/6 Campbell:"— Presentation transcript:

1 Ch 4 Openstax/6 Campbell:
A Tour of the Cell

2 Cell Types: Prokaryotic
Nucleoid: DNA No organelles w/ membranes Ribosomes: protein synthesis, all cells Plasma membrane: semi-permeable, all cells Cytoplasm/cytosol: fluid inside cell, all cells Can also have cell wall/flagella/cilia/etc.

3

4 Cell size As cell size increases:
Surface area to volume ratio decreases Transport needs increase faster than capability Cell size, therefore, usually remains small

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6 Nucleus Genetic material: Double membrane envelope w/ pores
Chromatin: loose DNA/protein Chromosomes: condensed DNA/protein nucleolus: rRNA; ribosome synthesis Double membrane envelope w/ pores Role in Protein synthesis

7 Ribosomes Protein synthesis Free = cytosol; proteins used in cell
Bound = ER; proteins for membranes & export

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9 Endomembrane system, I Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Continuous w/ nuclear envelope Transport (lumen) Smooth ER no ribosomes, detox makes lipids, metabolize carbs Rough ER w/ ribosomes; secretory protein creation (glycoproteins), membrane production

10 Nucleus Rough ER Smooth ER cis Golgi Plasma membrane trans Golgi
Fig Nucleus Rough ER Smooth ER cis Golgi Figure 6.16 Review: relationships among organelles of the endomembrane system Plasma membrane trans Golgi

11 Endomembrane system, II
Golgi apparatus Modify, store, ship ER products Cisternae: flattened membranous sacs trans face (shipping) & cis face (receiving) Transport vesicles

12 Endomembrane system, III
Lysosomes sac of hydrolytic enzymes; digests macromolecules Phagocytosis Autophagy: recycle cell’s organics Tay-Sachs disease: lipid-digestion disorder Animation: Lysosome Formation

13 Endomembrane system, IV
Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs (larger than vesicles) Food (phagocytosis) Contractile (pump excess water) Central (storage in plants) tonoplast membrane Video: Paramecium Vacuole

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15 Other membranous organelles I
Mitochondria quantity linked w/ metabolism; highest in? Aerobic cellular respiration double membrane cristae/matrix intermembrane space contain own DNA

16 Other membranous organelles II
Chloroplast plastid, double membrane thylakoids grana Stroma Has own DNA

17 Peroxisomes Single membrane Produce H2O2
Metabolism of fatty acids; detox of alcohol (liver) Product = water

18 Video: Cytoplasmic Streaming
The Cytoskeleton Fibrous network in cytoplasm Support, motility, biochemical regulation Video: Cytoplasmic Streaming

19 Cytoskeletal Elements
Centrosome (all) and centrioles (animals) Make fibers for cell reproduction Cilia Many small hair like fiber extensions for movement Flagella Fewer larger fiber extensions for movement

20 Cell surfaces Cell wall: not in animal cells
protection, shape, regulation Cellulose (plants), chitin (fungi), peptidoglycan (bacteria)

21 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) Nucleolus NUCLEUS Rough ER Smooth ER
Fig. 6-9a Nuclear envelope ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) Nucleolus NUCLEUS Rough ER Smooth ER Flagellum Chromatin Centrosome Plasma membrane CYTOSKELETON: Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules Figure 6.9 Animal and plant cells—animal cell Ribosomes Microvilli Golgi apparatus Peroxisome Mitochondrion Lysosome

22 Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Fig. 6-9b Nuclear envelope Rough endoplasmic reticulum NUCLEUS Nucleolus Chromatin Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Central vacuole Golgi apparatus Microfilaments Intermediate filaments CYTO- SKELETON Microtubules Figure 6.9 Animal and plant cells—plant cell Mitochondrion Peroxisome Chloroplast Plasma membrane Cell wall Plasmodesmata Wall of adjacent cell

23 10 µm Column of tubulin dimers Tubulin dimer   25 nm Table 6-1a

24 Table 6-1b 10 µm Table 6-1b Actin subunit 7 nm

25 Fibrous subunit (keratins coiled together)
Table 6-1c 5 µm Table 6-1c Keratin proteins Fibrous subunit (keratins coiled together) 8–12 nm

26 You should now be able to:
Distinguish between the following pairs of terms: magnification and resolution; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell; free and bound ribosomes; smooth and rough ER Describe the structure and function of the components of the endomembrane system Briefly explain the role of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes Describe the functions of the cytoskeleton Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

27 Describe the structure of a plant cell wall
Compare the structure and functions of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments Explain how the ultrastructure of cilia and flagella relate to their functions Describe the structure of a plant cell wall Describe the structure and roles of the extracellular matrix in animal cells Describe four different intercellular junctions Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

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