1. Volcano

2. Volcano
~ An opening in the Earth’s crust where hot gas, rocks and magma erupt; they occur along plate boundaries.

3. Exciting, or Dangerous—Both?

5. Volcano Pacific Ring of Fire
A 40, 000 km (24, 000 mi) horseshoe shaped area in the Pacific Ocean where tectonic plates meet. It is the home to 452 volcanoes (75% of the world’s volcanoes) and 90% of the world’s earthquakes.

6. Volcano
Classification:
Active
Intermittent
Dormant
Extinct

7. (daily, weekly, monthly, yearly)
Volcano
Active
~ Erupt constantly
(daily, weekly, monthly, yearly)

8. Volcano
Kilauea, Hawaii

9. Volcano
Arenal, Costa Rica

10. Volcano
Guatemala

11. Volcano
Tvashtar, Jupiter

12. Largest Volcano in the Solar System
Olympus Mons, Mars

13. ~ Erupt on a fairly regular basis
Volcano
Intermittent
~ Erupt on a fairly regular basis
(every few years, or so)

14. Volcano
Mt. St. Helens, Washington

15. Volcano

16. Volcano
Mt. Vesuvius, Italy

17. Volcano

18. ~ Erupted a long time ago, have not in a while, but could again.
Volcano
Dormant
~ Erupted a long time ago, have not in a while, but could again.

19. Volcano
Mt. Misti, Peru

20. Volcano
Mt. Fuji, Japan

21. Volcano
Mt. Lassen, California

22. Volcano
Mt. Kilimanjaro, Africa

23. Volcano Extinct ~ Has not erupted for several years
(perhaps millions) and won’t anymore

24. Volcano
Mt. Teranaki, New Zealand

25. Volcano
Mt. Kenya, Africa

26. Volcano
Main Types
Cinder Cone
Shield Cone
Composite Cone

27. Violent explosions/eruptions
Volcano
Cinder Cone
~ Small volcanoes (less than 1000 feet tall) with steep slopes made up of
cinders
(hard bits of lava)
Violent explosions/eruptions

28. Volcano
Chile

29. Volcano
Kilauea, Hawaii

30. Volcano
Paricutin, Mexico

31. Volcano
Shield
~ Large mountains (more than 10, 000 feet) with gentle slopes made from lava in the cracks of the Earth.
Some of these volcanoes can reach over
25, 000 feet with much of the volcano under the ocean
(Mauna Loa, Hawaii).

32. Volcano
Mauna Loa, Hawaii

33. Volcano
Mauna Loa, Hawaii

34. Volcano
Mauna Loa, Hawaii

35. Violent eruptions and steep slopes.
Volcano
Composite
~ Large mountains above sea level made up of lava and rock bits (cinders )
Violent eruptions and steep slopes.

36. Volcano
Mt. Fuji, Japan

37. Volcano
Mt. Vesuvius, Italy

38. Volcano
Shishaldin, Alaska

39. Eruptions ~ What comes out of a volcano when it erupts?

40. Volcano
Lava
~ molten rock that will either ooze or flow quickly; the temperature usually is around
2, 000 degrees.
The speed and shape of a lava flow depends on the type of volcano and strength of
the eruption.

41. Volcano
Ooze

42. Volcano

43. Volcano

44. Volcano
Flow

45. Volcano

46. Volcano

47. Volcano Pyroclastic Flow
~ a fast moving current of hot gas, ash, and rock traveling down the side of the volcano at speeds up to 200 mph with temperatures of over 500 degrees Celsius.

48. Volcano
Mayon, Philippines

49. Volcano

50. Volcano

51. Volcano
St. Augustine, Alaska

52. Lahar
A very hot, fast moving (cannot be outrun), and dangerous mix of melted snow, mud, and volcanic ash that results from volcanic steam or eruption.
Click to View

53. Typical eruptions happen several thousand years apart.
Volcano
Supervolcano
~ a volcano that produces the largest eruptions on Earth; can effect global climates for years.
Typical eruptions happen several thousand years apart.

54. Volcano
Yellowstone Park

55. Volcano
Each year, millions of visitors come to admire the hot springs and geysers of Yellowstone, the Nation’s first national park. Few are aware that these wonders are fueled by heat from a large reservoir of partially molten rock (magma), just a few miles beneath their feet. As this magma-which drives one of the world’s largest volcanic systems-rises, it pushes up the Earth’s crust beneath the Yellowstone Plateau

56. Volcano
Eruptions of the Yellowstone volcanic system have included the two largest volcanic eruptions in North America in the past few million years; the third largest was at Long Valley in California and produced the Bishop ash bed. The biggest of the Yellowstone eruptions occurred 2.1 million years ago, depositing the Huckleberry Ridge ash bed. These eruptions left behind huge volcanic depressions called “calderas” and spread volcanic ash over large parts of North America (see map). If another large caldera-forming eruption were to occur at Yellowstone, its effects would be worldwide. Thick ash deposits would bury vast areas of the United States, and injection of huge volumes of volcanic gases into the atmosphere could drastically affect global climate

57. Volcano Supervolcanoes Around The World
Around the world there are several other volcanic areas that can be considered "supervolcanoes"- Long Valley in eastern California, Toba in Indonesia, and Taupo in New Zealand. Other "supervolcanoes" would likely include the large caldera volcanoes of Japan, and Indonesia.

59. Ash Cloud – cinders, gas, and rock explode many miles into the air.
Vent/Crater – an opening for the volcano
Side Vent – separate opening for lava to come out.
Lava – molten or melted rock.
Central Vent/Conduit – main chimney of the volcano
Asthenosphere
Layer below the lithosphere; made of molten rock
Cone – layers; made of rock from past eruptions
Magma Chamber – the “heart” of the volcano; gas, rock, and water mix here – pressure builds.
Volcano

60. Volcano