1. Science 5.1 Scientific investigation
Mrs. Scott

2. science experiments
We complete science experiments to answer a question

3. Scientific method
When completing a science experiment, you must use the Scientific Method to make sure you are getting accurate results
The scientific method is a process, or list of steps, used to complete a science experiment

4. Steps to the scientific method
In our class, we will use the following scientific method to complete experiments:
Ask a question
Form a hypothesis
Test your hypothesis by doing an experiment and observe results
Analyze data
Draw a conclusion

5. What do each of the steps to the scientific method mean???
Ask a question: you form a question about something that you are curious about and will be able to test and get a result
Form a hypothesis: you make an educated guess about what you think the end results of the experiment will be (If…then statement)
Do a test or experiment: a measurable way to collect data to be able to answer your question
Analyze data: look at the results you got from completing your test or experiment
Draw a conclusion: based on the data, was your hypothesis correct and what did the end results show?

6. Scientific method video:

7. The 3 types of variables:
Independent variable: this is the variable manipulated or changed by the scientist
Dependent variable: this is the variable that is measured and observed in the experiment
Controlled variable (constant variable): this is the variable that stays the same

8. Examples of variables
A student thinks that orange juice will freeze faster than any other substance. She fills identical containers with the same amount of different liquids, then places each in the freezer.
Controlled/Constant variable: The amount of each liquid and the containers are all equal
Dependent variable: The time it takes each liquid to freeze
Independent variable: The type of liquid in the containers

9. Let’s see how to use the scientific method in a real experiment:

10. Key vocabulary
Observation: using your senses to determine what happens during an experiment
Hypothesis: an educated guess about what will happen (If…then statement)
Conclusion: what you learned from the experiment
Materials: items you need to complete the experiment
Procedure: the steps you take to complete the experiment
Inference: a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or evidence
Variable: any item, factor, or condition that can be controlled or changed (there are 3 types of variables

11. Scientific measuring tools for weather
Thermometer: a tool that measures temperature
Barometer: a tool that measures the atmospheric pressure (air pressure)
Anemometer: used to measure wind speed
Weathervane: used to measure wind direction

12. Scientific measuring tools FOR EXPERIMENTS
Microscope: a tool that helps you see objects that are too small to be seen with a magnifying glass
Stopwatch: used to measure elapsed time
Ruler, yard stick, meter stick: tool used to measure length, height, or width of an object
Balance, pan scale: a tool that measures the mass (how much matter) of an object
Spring scale: a tool that measures the weight of an object based on the pull of gravity
Graduated Cylinder: tool used to measure liquid volume (amount of liquid)

13. Scientific measuring units We use standard units in the United States and other countries use metric units to measure
Standard length: inches, feet, yards, miles
Metric length: millimeters, centimeters, meters, kilometers
Standard weight: ounces, pounds, tons
Metric weight: grams, kilograms
Standard temperature: Fahrenheit
Metric weight: Celsius
Standard capacity (volume): fluid ounces, teaspoon, tablespoon, cups, pints, quarts, gallons
Metric capacity (volume): milliliters, liters