1. The Rise of the Roman Republic

2. Overview Ruled by Etruscan Kings from Northern Italy
The Romans overthrew these kings and created a republic
Republic: A form of government with elected leaders

3. Under Etruscan Rule
Plebeians
Patricians
A large group of peasants, laborers, crafts people and shopkeepers who had few rights
Forced to serve in the army
Latin: plebs= many
90% of Rome’s population
A small group of wealthy landowners who held important jobs in society
(The Upper Class)
Latin: patres = father
Patricians were seen as “fathers of the state”

4. Creation of a Republic
In 509 B.C.E, a group of patricians rebelled and drove out the Etruscan King
A republic was born!
Patricians were not concerned about the needs of the plebeians and only looked out for themselves.

5. The Patricians’ Republic
Most power belonged to the Senate
Senate= 300 elected men who served for life
Patricians also had appointed government officials and judges

6. Patricians’ Republic Continued
Two elected leaders called CONSULS shared command of the army
The senate advised the consuls and made decisions that were treated as law
Rome’s Republic resembled a democratic government but left out the voice of the majority

7. The Plebeians Rebel Plebeians demanded more political rights.
During times of war, Plebeians were forced to join the army and started to resent the Patricians
Plebeians marched out of Rome until their demands were heard
Patricians feared that Rome would be helpless with out the plebeians in the army

8. A conflict between two social classes; Plebeians and Patricians
Conflict of the Orders
A conflict between two social classes; Plebeians and Patricians
Think Ink Say:
Describe in your own words the conflict between the Plebeians and Patricians

9. The Plebeians Gain Political Equality
Gaining equality was a long process!
The Patricians agreed to let the Plebeians to elect officials (Tribunes)
Tribunes spoke to the Senate and Consuls on behalf of the Plebeians
Plebeians gained the right to veto or overrule decisions made by government officials

10. Consul of Plebs
Consul of Plebs (Council) made laws for ONLY the plebeians
Plebeians still had less power than the patricians
As a result, Plebeians would protest when they felt it was necessary
(200 years of protests)

11. Plebian Equality
In 451 B.C.E, Plebeians demanded Patricians to write down the laws= The Twelve Tables
In 367 B.C.E, Plebeians demanded that one of the consuls would be for Plebeians so they could hold some power
In 287 B.C.E, Plebeians gained the right to pass laws for ALL Roman citizens
The Tribune were able to become members of the Senate

12. The Twelve Tables Take out the Twelve Tables Pick 6 tables.
Try to explain the 6 tables you chose.. IN YOUR OWN WORDS
What does that law mean?

13. Table I. - If anyone summons a man before the magistrate, he must go
Table I. - If anyone summons a man before the magistrate, he must go. If the man summoned does not go, let the one summoning him call the bystanders to witness and then take him by force. Table II. - He whose witness has failed to appear may summon him by loud calls before his house every third day.
Table III.
- One who has confessed a debt, or against whom judgment has been pronounced, shall have thirty days to pay it in. After that forcible seizure of this person is allowed.

14. Table IV. - A dreadfully deformed child shall be quickly killed
Table IV. - A dreadfully deformed child shall be quickly killed. If a father sell his son three times, the son shall be free from his father.
Table V. - Females should remain in guardianship even when they have attained their majority.
Table VI. - When one makes a bond and a conveyance of property, as he has made formal declaration so let it be binding.

15. Table VII. - Let them keep the road in order
Table VII. - Let them keep the road in order. If they have not paved it, a man may drive his team where he likes.
Table VIII. - If one has maimed a limb and does not compromise with the injured person, let there be retaliation. If one has broken a bone of a freeman with his hand or with a cudgel, let him pay a penalty of three hundred coins

16. Table IX.
- The penalty shall be capital for a judge or arbiter legally appointed who has been found guilty of receiving a bribe for giving a decision. Table X.
- None is to bury or burn a corpse in the city.
- The women shall not tear their faces nor wail on account of the funeral.
Table XI.
- Marriages should not take place between plebeians and patricians.
Table XII. - Whatever the people had last ordained should be held as binding by law

17. If you could make your own laws… What would they be?
Create 5 laws and list/ describe them on the paper provided

18. “The people’s good is the highest law”
Cicero once said…
“The people’s good is the highest law”
Cicero; Roman Statesman
Think Pair Share:
What do you think this Quote means?