1. Ms. Susan Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
World War I -- America on the Homefront: "The Poster War"
Ms. Susan Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

2. War Mobilization

3. 1. Enlistment

4. The Most Famous Recruitment Poster

5. Uncle Sam—He the Man!

6. Don’t Mess with the U. S.

7. “Huns Kill Women and Children!”

8. The “Little Soldier”

9. World War I American “Anthem”

10. Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get your gun, Take it on the run, on the run, on the run, Hear them calling you and me, Every son of liberty. Hurry right away, no delay, go today, Make your daddy glad to have had such a lad, Tell your sweetheart not to pine, To be proud her boy's in line.

11. Over there, over there Send the word, send the word over there That the Yanks are coming, the Yanks are coming, The drums rum-tumming everywhere So prepare, say a prayer Send the word, send the word to beware We'll be over, we're coming over, And we won't come back till it's over, over there!

12. Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get your gun, Johnnie show the Hun you're a son of a gun, Hoist the flag and let her fly, Yankee Doodle do or die. Pack your little kit, show your grit, do your bit, Yankees to the ranks from the towns and the tanks, Make your momma proud of you And the old Red White and Blue.

15. The Spirit of ’76’

16. Over there, over there Send the word, send the word over there That the Yanks are coming, the Yanks are coming, The drums rum-tumming everywhere So prepare, say a prayer Send the word, send the word to beware
We'll be over, we're coming over, And we won't come back till it's over, over there!

18. 1917 – Selective Service Act
24,000,000 men registered for the draft by the end of 1918.
4,800,000 men served in WW1 (2,000,000 saw active combat).
400,000 African-Americans served in segregated units.
15,000 Native-Americans served as scouts, messengers, and snipers in non-segregated units.

19. 2. Expansion of the Federal Government

20. Council of National Defense
War Industries Board – Bernard Baruch
Food Administration – Herbert Hoover
Railroad Administration – William McAdoo
National War Labor Board – W. H.Taft & Frank P. Walsh

21. U. S. Food Administration

22. U. S. Food Administration

23. U. S. Food Administration

24. National War Garden Commission

25. U. S. School Garden Army

26. U. S. Shipping Board

27. U. S. Fuel Administration

28. U. S. Fuel Administration

29. Results of This New Organization of the Economy?
Unemployment virtually disappeared.
Expansion of “big government.”
Excessive govt. regulations in eco.
Some gross mismanagement → overlapping jurisdictions.
Close cooperation between public and private sectors.
Unprecedented opportunities for disadvantaged groups.

30. New Social/Economic Opportunities

31. 1. Women

32. YWCA – The Blue Triangle

33. Munitions Work

34. The Girls They Left Behind Do Their Bit!

35. Women Used In Recruitment
Hello, Big Boy!

36. Even Grandma Buys Liberty Bonds

37. The Red Cross - Greatest Mother in the World

38. The Red Cross Nurse

39. National League for Woman’s Service

40. 2. African-Americans

41. Opportunities for African-Americans in WW1
“Great Migration.” – 1919 → 70,000
War industries work.
Enlistment in segregated units.

42. True Sons of Freedom

43. For “Colored” Men in Service

44. African-Americans on a Troop Ship Headed for France

45. “Rescuing a Negro During the Race Riots in Chicago”, 1919

46. 3. New American Immigrants

47. The “Flag of Liberty” Represents All of Us!

48. We are ALL Americans!

49. United War Work Campaign

50. American Committee for Relief in the Near East

51. Wartime Propaganda

52. The Committee of Public Information (George Creel)
America’s “Propaganda Minister?”
Anti-Germanism.
Selling American Culture.

53. “Remember Belgium”

54. The “Mad Brute”

55. Beat Back the “Hun”

56. The “Menace of the Seas”

57. Creel Commission Film

58. Attacks on Civil Liberties

59. Government Excess & Threats to the Civil Liberties of Americans
1. Espionage Act – forbade actions that obstructed recruitment or efforts to promote insubordination in the military ordered the Postmaster General to remove Leftist materials from the mail fines of up to $10,000 and/or up to 20 years in prison.

60. Government Excess & Threats to the Civil Liberties of Americans
2. Sedition Act – it was a crime to speak against the purchase of war bonds or willfully utter, print, write or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about this form of US Govt., the US Constitution, or the US armed forces or to willfully urge, incite, or advocate any curtailment of production of things necessary or essential to the prosecution of the war…with intent of such curtailment to cripple or hinder, the US in the prosecution of the war.

61. Government Excess & Threats to the Civil Liberties of Americans
3. Schenck v. US – in ordinary times the mailing of the leaflets would have been protected by the st Amendment BUT, every act of speech must be judged acc. to the circumstances in which it was spoken. -The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing a panic. [Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes] - If an act of speech posed a clear and present danger, then Congress had the power to restrain such speech.

62. Government Excess & Threats to the Civil Liberties of Americans
4. Abrams v. US – majority ruling --> cited Holmes’ “Clear and present danger” doctrine Holmes & Brandeis dissented: The best test of truth is the power of the thought to get itself accepted in the competition of the market, denying that a “silly leaflet” published by an “unknown man” constituted such a danger.

63. Government Excess & Threats to the Civil Liberties of Americans
5. Post-war labor unrest:
Coal Miners Strike of
Steel Strike of 1919.
Boston Police Strike of

64. “If Capital & Labor Don’t Pull Together” – Chicago Tribune
Anti-Labor
“If Capital & Labor Don’t Pull Together” – Chicago Tribune

65. Consequences of Labor Unrest
“While We Rock the Boat” – Washington Times

66. “Keeping Warm” – Los Angeles Times
Coal Miners’ Strike
“Keeping Warm” – Los Angeles Times

67. “Coming Out of the Smoke” – New York World
Steel Strike
“Coming Out of the Smoke” – New York World

68. “What a Year Has Brought Forth” – NY World
The “Red Scare”
“What a Year Has Brought Forth” – NY World

69. “Red Scare” -- Anti-Bolshevism
“Put Them Out & Keep Them Out” – Philadelphia Inquirer

70. “He gives aid & comfort to the enemies of society” – Chicago Tribune
Boston Police Strike
“He gives aid & comfort to the enemies of society” – Chicago Tribune

71. “Striking Back” – New York Evening World
Boston Police Strike
“Striking Back” – New York Evening World

72. Government Excess & Threats to the Civil Liberties of Americans
6. “The Red Scare”:
rd. International goal --> promote worldwide communism.
Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer (The Case Against the Reds)
Palmer Raids

73. Congressman Victor Berger (WI)
You got nothing out of the war except the flu and Prohibition.

74. “Red Scare” – Palmer Raids
Police Arrest “Suspected Reds’ in Chicago, 1920

75. “Red Scare” – Palmer Raids
A. Mitchell Palmer’s Home Bombed, 1920

76. The 1920 Election