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Late Medieval Europe (ca. 1300-1500)
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Late Medieval Europe Why might we consider this phase of European history as one of disasters? Who were the “winners” and “losers” at this point in Europe? Any parallels to events and crises of 20th and 21st centuries?
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The Church Papal Power in Decline
Clashes between King Philip IV vs. Pope Boniface VIII Taxation of French clergy French bishop arrested for treason Boniface outraged, humiliated by king Philip IV of France (r )
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Church of S. Francesca Romana, Rome
The Church The “Babylonian Captivity” ( ) French pope elected Moved to Avignon (1309) French popes Corruption? Many unhappy Christians Papacy returned to Rome (1377) Tomb of Pope Gregory XI, Church of S. Francesca Romana, Rome
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The Church The Great Western Schism (1378-1417)
Returning pope died (1378) Turbulent election new, Italian pope Dissatisfaction schism Two popes! Then three popes!!! Spiritual and political crisis! Resolved at Council of Constance ( )
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The Church Questions?
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Society Population growth overpopulation (14th cent.)
Less land to cultivate Wages decreased Famines
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Society The Black Death (1347-1350) Epidemic
Spread rapidly, contagious Noticeable, painful symptoms Quick death
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Society The Plague’s Origins Began in Far East, traveled westward
Carried by fleas on infected rats Arrived in Europe at Mediterranean ports
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Society The Black Death Cause debated Why??? Aftermath
Death of up to 1/2 of Europe’s population Obsession with death Recurred until 18th century
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Society Questions?
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Politics and War The Hundred Years War (1337-1453): Causes
French monarch died (1328) – who succeeds? English king was a relation Philip VI elected by French nobility English claims to French lands
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Politics and War The War: Initial English Success Strategy: raids
New technology Longbows Cannons Territorial gains! English king: new heir to throne (1420) Battle of Créçy (1346)
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Politics and War
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Politics and War France Strikes Back JOAN OF ARC (1412-1431)
Peasant, mystic Claimed mission from God (1428) Promised French heir France rebounded Joan captured, sold to English executed (May 1431) Siege of Orléans
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Politics and War
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Politics and War
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Politics and War Ultimate French victory (1453)
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Politics and War Developments in Spain Muslim power weakened
Christian princes seized opportunity RECONQUISTA launched Christian Iberian states emerging
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Politics and War Ferdinand and Isabella Unified Spanish crown (1469)
Completed Reconquista (1492) Promoted fervent Catholicism Expelled Muslims and Jews Ferdinand and Isabella
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Politics and War
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Politics and War Questions?
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Late Medieval Europe Why might we consider this phase of European history as one of disasters? Who were the “winners” and “losers” at this point in Europe? Any parallels to events and crises of 20th and 21st centuries?
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