1. How many computers can fit into a drop of water?
Udi Shapiro
Ehud Shapiro

3. Programmable Computer
Medicine in 2050: “Doctor in a Cell”
Molecular Output
Molecular Input
Programmable Computer

4. Scaling electro and bio devices
 = micron
in Pentium II

5. Scaling electro and bio devices
E. Coli
1 micron
 = micron
in Pentium II

6. E. Coli

7. E. Coli internals
(1Mbyte)

8. Ribosomes in operation
Ribosomes translate RNA to Proteins
RNA Polymerase transcribes DNA to RNA

9. A mechanical computer

10. A 4 3 5 2 1

11. B 1a 2a 3a 1b 2b 4a 3a 5a 4a 5a 4b 3b 5b 5b 3b 4b
Front
Back

12. Programmable Computer
Medicine in 2050: “Doctor in a Cell”
Programmable Computer

14. Automaton A1 accepting inputs with an even number of b ’s
A1: even number of b’s

15. Turing Machine and Finite Automaton

16. Example Computation

17. An example computation over abaaba
S0-abaaba (S S0)
S0-baaba (S S1)
S1-aaba (S S1)
S1-aba (S S1)
S1-ba (S S0)
S0-a (S S0)
S0 (final state)
The input is accepted

18. A list of all 8 possible transition rules
T1: S S0
T2: S S1
T3: S S0
T4: S S1
T5: S S0
T6: S S1
T7: S S0
T8: S S1

19. Automata programs used to test the molecular implementation

20. Molecular realization of Finite Automata
Input: DNA
S, a
rest a’
Software: DNA
S, a
FokI
Hardware: Class-II restriction enzyme FokI, DNA Ligase, ATP as fuel