1. Tuesday, October 10 What kinesthesis?
What are some psychological and social cultural reasons for our perception of pain?
What is sensory interaction? Give an example of how one sense can get affect another (McGurk effect).
What is the difference between conduction deafness and sensorineural deafness?
Today’s topic:
Intro to Perception and Gestalt Rules
Upcoming Dates:
Homework:
Terms
Read perception pages by Thursday
2nd period - Visual Cliff article due Thursday
Assessments:
Test on Monday

2. Sensory Interaction The principle that one sense may influence another
Example: When the smell (or sight) of food influences its taste
Flavor: Combination of odor, texture, temperature, and taste
Sight of spoken words and the audition of spoken words influence each other
The McGurk Effect

3. Cochlear Implant
Device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea.
Controversial in the deaf community – Why??

4. Hearing and Sound
Distance between ears allows us to place sounds in space.
Equidistant sounds – cock our heads to distinguish location
Virtual Barbershop and binaural recording

5. Perception

6. Perception
The psychological process of organizing sensory information into meaningful experiences
Allows us to make sense of sensory input
Imagine the confusion if we could not organize our sensory information

7. Perceptual Illusions
Visual capture – the tendency for vision to dominate other senses (even logic!)
When the sound from a movie projector comes from behind us, we perceive it coming from the screen
When watching a roller coaster on TV, we hold on to our seats and brace for the ride even though we are not moving

8. Gestalt Psychology
Emphasizes our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes.
when people are exposed to a cluster of sensations, they automatically try to organize them into a whole
Gestalt Psych in Lemons and Space!

9. Wednesday, October 11 What is perception?
Give an example of a time that you have misperceived something.
Today’s topic:
Gestalt Rules
Upcoming Dates:
Homework:
Terms
Read perception pages by tomorrow
Assessments:
Test and FRQ on Monday

10. Gestalt Principles

11. Form Reception
Figure-ground relationship - the organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)
Whatever you are paying attention to (visual, auditory, touch stimulus) becomes the figure, and everything else is the background

12. Wh_ _l _f F_r_un_ Grouping
The tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups to construct meaning
Proximity
Similarity
Continuity
Closure
Connectedness
Common fate
Wh_ _l _f F_r_un_

13. Grouping
Grouping helps us construct meaning but also can make us victims of perceptual illusions.

14. Grouping Examples:
Give an example of two of the following from everyday life:
Proximity-
Similarity-
Continuity-
Closure-
Connectedness-
Common fate-

15. Gestalt Examples

16. Thursday, October 12 What is Gestalt psychology?
What are some ways that you demonstrate depth in art and in painting?
Today’s topic:
Monocular and Binocular Cues for depth perception
Upcoming Dates:
Terms
Read perception pages by tomorrow
Assessments:
Test and FRQ on Monday

17. Depth Perception
Seeing objects in three dimensions; allows us to judge distance
Is depth perception innate?
Visual cliff – a lab device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals
Found that babies who can crawl have a somewhat developed sense of depth perception and newborn animals were also reluctant to go over the cliff.

20. Monocular Cues Depth cues that are available to each eye separately
Relative size
Interposition
Relative clarity
Texture gradient
Relative height
Relative motion
Linear perspective
Light and shadow

21. Binocular Cues

22. Binocular Cues Depth cues that rely on the use of both eyes
Retinal disparity – a binocular cue for perceiving depth; the brain compare the images from the two eyeballs and computes the difference
the greater the disparity between images, the closer the object.
Convergence – a binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object
the greater the strain, the closer the object.

23. Perceptual Constancy
the ability to perceive objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change (we can identify things even if their color, illumination, or angle change)
Shape constancy
Size constancy
Lightness constancy
Color constancy

24. Color Constancy
Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object
ex: wearing yellow/orange tinted ski goggles, the snow will soon look white again as if not wearing the goggles.
Demonstrates that our brain constructs the experience of the color of an object through comparisons with other surrounding objects.

25. Perceptual Adaptation
In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field
Classroom goggles experiment: Initially disoriented, but soon adapt to the new context and can navigate it with ease.
We coordinate our movements in response to our environment (or perceived environment)
Discovering Psychology Perception Video

26. Perceptual Set
A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.
Experiences, expectations, and assumption result in the formation of concepts/schemas to organize and interpret information which then dictate what we perceive
We see what we believe/want/ think we see.
Jesus in food

27. Context Effects Perception of the same stimuli
can differ depending on the context in which
we experience the sensation.
What do you see in this picture?

28. Perception - Biopsychosocial
Biological
Psychological
Social/Cultural
Entry-level sensory analysis
Unlearned visual phenomena
Critical period for sensory development
Selective attention
Learned schemas
Gestalt principles
Emotional context effects
Perceptual set
Cultural assumptions and expectations
Physical context effects

29. Extrasensory Perception
Extrasensory perception (ESP) – the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; said to include telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition
Parapsychology – the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis
Psychokinesis – mind over matter: levitating, controlling things with the mind
ESP
Telepathy – mind to mind communication
Clairvoyance – perceiving remote events
Precognition – perceiving future events
Parapsychology cannot gain scientific credit because it cannot reproduce its results.