1. Economy and Government of the Middle Colonies
Justin Lee, Insu Kim, and Julie Ricciutti

2. Introduction
In this presentation, you will be discovering the economy and government of the Middle colonies. During this time period, the middle colonies included: New Jersey, New York, Delaware, and Pennsylvania.

3. Natural Resources in the Colonies
The colonists in the middle colonies had a lots and lots of food and resources to survive. They grew livestocks and grew crops, but most of them were wheat since they grew so much grain, that it became the main crop in the middle colonies. They grew animals such as sheep, pigs, cows, horses, chickens, and beavers. Cows provided beef, milk, butter and fertilizer. Pigs and chickens provided meat for the colonists. Sheeps provided them with wool which can be turned into clothes and blankets. Horses would provide them with transportation, which can be used for traveling long places. Not only they grew crops and grew animals, but they also got food from nearby rivers, such as fish. They grew many crops for food, but also used for trading. Wheat was the main cash crop in the Middle Colonies, hence the nickname “Bread Basket.” They also traded, but they traded off raw materials for manufactured items. Also they harvested logs from trees which can be used for buildings, houses, and ships. Also they mined out metals such as iron ore.

4. Native American Relationships
The middle colonies had a friendly relationships with the Native Americans. A Tribe called Iroquois was the most friendly with them. What was popular between the Native Americans is that they did fur trade. Since fur trade was so popular between the Native Americans, hunting was popular as well. Not only they traded of fur, but they also traded off other things too.

5. Major Events in the Middle Colonies
The major events in the colonies were in 1685 the population of the middle colonies had increased to 30,000 people. Another major event in the middle colonies were when the Scots-Irish settled in the back country, where they hunted and subsistence farming. Subsistence Farming means where the crops are just basic needs for a farmer; with little surplus.

6. Why were the Colonies founded?
Many people wanted to establish a colony that has a working town. People who founded the colonies wanted to believe in their beliefs and make money.
New York: New York was founded by the Dutch, (New Netherlands). Eventually, the English acquired this land and renamed it to New York. This land was given by King Charles Ⅰ to his brother, the Duke of York. New York was divided into sections so that colonists would be able to create farms.
New Jersey: New Jersey was given by the Duke of York to some of his friends, George Carteret and John Berkeley. This land was divided into two sections, East and West Jersey. However, both of the friends lived in England. Since they needed someone to govern their new land, governors picked a council to make the decisions. Delegates at that time, didn’t have a lot of power.
Pennsylvania: William Penn was the owner of this new land. At that time, he was a quaker. Quakers were a group of people from England who pursue their beliefs through violence. The King of England owed a lot of money to William Penn and his family. So, instead of giving him and his family all of the money he owed, the King of England decided to just give the family the new land.
Delaware: The King of England gave additional land to Penn. In the beginning, this land was part of Pennsylvania. However, later on, this land was separated and was created into a separate colony named Delaware.
By Justin Lee

8. Types of Charters
Charter: A legal document giving certain rights to a person or company
In all of the 13 colonies, there were 3 types of charters. They included:
Royal charters
Propiertary charters
Charter colonies
Royal charter: The Royal Charter stated that the land was ruled by the king
Royal colonies were ruled by the king
In the middle colonies, New York and New Jersey were Royal colonies
Propiertary charter: The Propiertary Charter stated that a small group of people called,” propiertors” chosen by the king had all of the government rights
Propiertors controlled all actions in the government. Whatever happenes, everything that happens in the colonies were directly reported to the king.
In the middle colonies, Delaware and Pennslyvania were Propiertary colonies.
Charter colonies: A Charter colony was a colony that self - governed themselves.
There were no Middle Colonies in the Charter Colony
When this was created, the King granted them a charter establishing the rules of the government, but allowed too much freedom for the colonists.
Justin Lee

9. Forms of Government in the Colonies
In the middle colonies, there were 3 main types of governments and colonies:
Royal colonies
Charter colonies
Proprietary colonies
Each one of the of governments had the three basic principles; 1) All of the government systems were democratic, 2) the government had a governor, a governor’s court, and a court system, and 3) All of the systems in the government elected their own legislature.
New Jersey and New York became a royal colony. A royal colony is a colony under the direct control of the English crowns. This is meant that the king still ruled the land, even though he wasn’t there. The colony’s charter protected religious freedom, and the rights to have an assembly that voted on local matters.
Delaware and Pennsylvania became propritary colonies. A propiertary colony is a colony in which certain people chosen by the king have all of the governments power. Whatever happens on that colony goes straight to the king.

10. New Jersey Important People
William Paterson:
He was the Attorney general for New Jersey
William Paterson was the Father of the United States Senate
He was also pat of the New Jersey Plan
Sir George Carteret & Lord John Berkley
They were the founders of New Jersey
William Paterson
Sir George Carteret
Lord John Berkley

11. New York Important People
James the Duke of York:
The Duke of York was the founder of New York
He thought New York was too big, so he gave some of the land to his friends
Peter Stuyvesant:
Director General of New York
Made a great expansion for the settlement of New Amsterdam (aka New York)
He and his crew built a protective wall on Wall Street
Peter Minuit:
Peter Minuit purchased Manhatttan from local. Lenapes.
James the Duke of York
Peter Stuyvesant
Peter Minuit

12. Pennsylvania Important People
William Penn:
William Penn was the owner and founder of Pennslyvania
Was part of the Quakers
He thought of his colony as a “Holy expieriment”
Was very fair and created happieness to both Native Americans and colonists
Advertised Pennslyvania
People from England, Scotland, Wales, the Netherlands, France, and Geremany began to settle there
Penn also created the capital, Philadelphia
William Penn, a Quaker, established the charter for Pennsylvania in 1682.
John Dickinson:
President of Pennsylvania
Part of the Pennslyvania Assembly
William Penn
John Dickinson

13. Delaware Important People
Peter Minuit:
Founder of Delaware
In 1638, Peter Minuit established the colony of Delaware to expand trade.
John Dickinson:
Part of the Pennsylvania Assembly
President of Delaware
Refused to sign Declaration of Independence
John Dickinson
Peter Minuit

14. Jobs and Professions
Farms were common in the middle colonies because of the fertile land in the colonies. There were also skilled artisan who made clocks, locks, guns, glass, nails, hardware, and paper.

15. How colonies made money
The middle colonies had farms that grew cash crops. They were named the breadbasket of all the colonies because they grew lots of grain. The middle colonies also grew wheat and barley. The meat they exported included cattle and pigs.

16. System of Labor
Patroons- landowners of large area of land in the colonies.
Farmers/artisans- lots of them main of the population
Slaves- very few on large estates

17. Additional Information
-Much of the land areas that would become the middle colonies was settled by the Dutch
-The middle colonies were populated mostly by immigrants from Great Britain, Europe, and the southern colonies for many opportunities
-The Middle Colonies had a mild climate, which had mild winters and warm summers

18. Citations
"Economy - Middle Colonies 8th Hour." Economy - Middle Colonies 8th Hour. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Jan
"Famous People in the Middle Colonies." Prezi.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Jan
"Colonial Government." - Royal, Charter and Proprietary ***. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Jan
Davidson, James West., and Michael B. Stoff. "Chapter 4 Section 2 (The Middle Colonies)." The American Nation. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall in Association with American Heritage, Print.
"Middle Colonies." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 17 Jan
"The Middle Colonies." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 17 Jan
"Relationship with the Native Americans - Middle Colonies 2nd Hour." Relationship with the Native Americans - Middle Colonies 2nd Hour. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Jan
Stoff, Dr. Michael B. The American Nation. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.
"Middle Colonies." ***. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Jan