1. 1.3: Representing Earth’s Surface
latitude: lines running east-west on a map or globe
~ also called parallels because they never meet (run parallel to each other)
measured north or south of Oo latitude up to 90o

2. equator: Oo latitude
~ divides Earth into northern and southern hemispheres (halves)

3. longitude: lines running north-south (pole to pole) on a map or globe
~ also called meridians
~ will meet at the poles
measured east or west of Oo longitude up to 180o

4. Prime Meridian: Oo longitude
~ divides Earth into eastern and western hemispheres
measured from the old Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England (near London)

5. put latitude and longitude together to make a grid so that locations can be found

6. 60o N
40o E

7. are various types of maps that represent Earth’s surface
ALL have some distortion because they are flat while Earth is round
special maps used in Earth Science include topographic maps and geologic maps

8. Topographic Maps map showing surface features (topography)
shows natural and manmade features
helpful for campers, hikers, hunters, & geologists – Siri can be wrong, especially if your phone dies!

9. scales being used for the map are located at the bottom

10. contour lines: lines that connect points with the same elevation
shape of the line = shape of the land

11. contour interval: difference in elevation between each contour line
printed at the bottom of the map below the scales

12. contour lines close together indicate a steep slope (elevation changes rapidly)

13. contour lines far apart indicate a flat area

14. legend: shows the meanings of symbols and colors found on a map

15. Geologic Maps map showing type and age of rocks at the surface
similar to topographic maps because it uses symbols – like contour lines – to show features

16. legend provides info on what rocks are shown using color printed on the map