1. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-1 INTRODUCTION Important IT applications businesses are using today Supply chain management (SCM) Customer relationship management (CRM) Business intelligence (BI) Integrated collaboration environments (ICE)

2. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-2 SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Distribution chain – the path followed from the originator of a product/service to the end consumer

3. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-3 What are Supply Chain Management Systems? Supply chain management (SCM) - tracks inventory and information among business processes and across companies Supply chain management (SCM) system - an IT system that supports supply chain management activities by automating the tracking of inventory and information among business processes and across companies

4. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-4 What are Supply Chain Management Systems?

5. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-5 What are Supply Chain Management Systems? Just-in-time - an approach that produces or delivers a product or service just at the time the customer wants it Logistics - the set of processes that plans for and controls the efficient and effective transportation and storage of supplies from suppliers to customers

6. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-6 Strategic and Competitive Opportunities with SCM A well-designed supply chain management system helps by optimizing: Fulfillment Logistics Production Revenue and profit Spend

7. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-7 Strategic and Competitive Opportunities with SCM Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR) - a concept that encourages and facilitates collaborative processes between supply chain partners

8. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-8 Challenges to Success with Supply Chain Management Executives must recognize its importance Work closely with customers and suppliers Your IT systems and the IT systems of your customers and suppliers must be integrated Your SCM systems must continuously adapt to changing conditions

9. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-9 IT Support for Supply Chain Management Specialized SCM software and ERP software suites Application service provider (ASP) - supplies software applications (and often related services) over the Internet that would otherwise reside on its customers in-house computers.

10. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-10 IT Support for Supply Chain Management

11. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-11 CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT Two success stories with customer relationship management Wells Fargo Bank sells four additional banking products to customers compared with an industry average of 2.2 The American Cancer Society is better able to target large donors

12. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-12 What are Customer Relationship Management Systems? Customer relationship management (CRM) system - uses information about customers to gain insights into needs, wants, and behaviors in order to serve them better Sales force automation (SFA) system - automatically tracks all the steps in the sales process

13. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-13 What are Customer Relationship Management Systems?

14. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-14 Strategic and Competitive Opportunities with CRM More effective marketing campaigns based on customer needs and wants Assuring the sales force is efficiently managed Providing superior after-sale service and support

15. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-15 Strategic and Competitive Opportunities with CRM Revenue Enhancers Increase sales effectiveness Improve customer retention Increase revenue per customer Offer new products/services Cost Cutters Decrease cost of sales Decrease cost of service Cost per service interaction Transition to more self-service

16. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-16 Challenges to Success with Customer Relationship Management More than 50 percent of CRM installations are seen as failures Why many CRM installations are less than successful The companys goals are too broad The companys strategies are too generic Implementations are often too software-centric

17. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-17 IT Support for Customer Relationship Management

18. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-18 IT Support for Customer Relationship Management Front office systems – the primary interface to customers and sales channels Back office systems - used to fulfill and support customer orders

19. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-19 IT Support for Customer Relationship Management CRM software providers (e.g. Clarify, Oracle, SAP, Siebel Systems) SFA software providers (e.g. Clarify, Siebel, Salesforce.com, Vantive) Salesforce.com was the first to use an ASP model and others have followed

20. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-20 BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE How FiberMark benefits from business intelligence (BI) They used to print 1,000 page reports for each salesperson Now salespeople get the information they want from FiberMarks intranet FiberMarks BI system paid for itself in 9 months

21. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-21 What are Business Intelligence Systems? Business intelligence (BI) – knowledge about your customers, your competitors, your business partners, your competitive environment, and your own internal operations – that gives you the ability to make effective, important, and often strategic business decisions.

22. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-22 What are Business Intelligence Systems? Business intelligence (BI) systems – the IT applications and tools that support the business intelligence function within an organization Competitive intelligence - business intelligence focused on the external competitive environment

23. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-23 What are Business Intelligence Systems?

24. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-24 What are Business Intelligence Systems? The objective of BI is to help knowledge workers understand Capabilities available in the firm State of the art, trends, and future directions in the market Technological, demographic, economic, political, social, and regulatory trends Actions of competitors

25. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-25 What are Business Intelligence Systems? Data warehouse – a logical collection of information - gathered from many different operational databases – used to create business intelligence that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks Data mart - a subset of the data warehouse in which only a focused portion of the data warehouse information is kept

26. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-26 What are Business Intelligence Systems? Other technical components of business intelligence include such tools as Data mining Automatic exception detection with proactive alerting and automatic recipient determination Automatic learning Data-mining tool - a software tool you use to query information in a data warehouse

27. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-27 Strategic and Competitive Opportunities with BI Strategic uses of business intelligence ranked in order of importance Corporate performance management Optimizing customer relations, monitoring business activity, and traditional decision support Packaged stand-alone BI applications for specific operations or strategies Management reporting of business intelligence

28. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-28 Strategic and Competitive Opportunities with BI BI systems provide managers with Actionable information and knowledge At the right time At the right location In the right form

29. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-29 Strategic and Competitive Opportunities with BI

30. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-30 Challenges to Success with Business Intelligence Deal with an important business issue Provide customized BI information Build discipline and precision in processes Knowledge workers must understand how to use BI tools effectively Understand that BI systems are complex and continually change

31. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-31 IT Support for Business Intelligence There are many software companies in the BI field Digital dashboard - displays key information gathered from several sources on a computer screen in a format tailored to the needs and wants of an individual knowledge worker

32. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-32 IT Support for Business Intelligence

33. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-33 INTEGRATED COLLABORATION ENVIRONMENTS How Siemens benefits from an integrated collaboration environment Much of its work is done by virtual teams SiteScapes Forum software lets teams share documents and ideas Each team member can contribute freely from anywhere and at any time

34. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-34 What are Integrated Collaboration Environments? Integrated collaboration environment (ICE) - the environment in which virtual teams do their work Virtual team - a team whose members are located in varied geographic locations and whose work is supported by specialized ICE software or by more basic collaboration systems

35. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-35 What are Integrated Collaboration Environments? Collaboration system - software that is designed specifically to improve the performance of teams by supporting the sharing and flow of information Alliance partner – a company your company does business with on a regular basis in a collaborative fashion, usually facilitated by IT systems

36. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-36 What are Integrated Collaboration Environments? Workflow - defines all of the steps or business rules, from beginning to end, required for a business process Workflow system - facilitates the automation and management of business processes

37. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-37 What are Integrated Collaboration Environments? Document management system - manages a document through all the stages of its processing Knowledge management (KM) system – an IT system that supports the capturing, organization, and dissemination of knowledge (i.e., know-how) throughout an organization

38. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-38 What are Integrated Collaboration Environments?

39. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-39 What are Integrated Collaboration Environments? Social network system - an IT system that links you to people you know and, from there, to people your contacts know Build your network Find the people you need Make a trusted contact

40. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-40 Strategic and Competitive Opportunities with ICEs The payoffs can be huge The oil and gas exploration industry could save an estimated $7 billion If only HP knew what HP knows

41. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-41 Challenges to Success with ICEs Acceptance of knowledge management systems has been particularly difficult People dont submit their knowledge to the knowledge repository People are reluctant to share what they know with others People say they dont have the time to submit information. IT can help with techniques to capture knowledge automatically

42. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-42 IT Support for Integrated Collaboration Environments Collaboration software Workflow systems Document management systems Peer-to-peer collaboration software Knowledge management (KM) systems Social network systems

43. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-43 IT Support for Integrated Collaboration Environments Presence awareness - a software function which determines whether a user is immediately reachable or is in a less-available status Peer-to-peer collaboration software - permits users to communicate in real time and share files without going through a central server

44. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-44 A VIEW OF THE INTEGRATED ENTERPRISE

45. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-45 Airline Reservation Systems SABRE and APOLLO were very profitable for American and United American and United had access to BI on their own as well as on their competitors flights Competitors had to wait to get BI and also had to pay for it

46. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-46 Frequent Flyer Programs Frequent flyer programs are a great example of CRM Air travelers concentrate their travel with a single airline to get perks Finnair is using BI to increase loyalty Most information needed for frequent flyer programs is obtained from reservation systems

47. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-47 Airline Maintenance Systems Airlines use SCM systems to be sure maintenance parts are available when needed Integrating SCM and BI helps airlines predict where and when spare parts will be needed

48. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-48 Yield Management Systems Yield management system - specialized kind of decision support system designed to maximize the amount of revenue an airline generates on each flight Fares change over time for a specific flight based on number of seats sold Objective: highest average cost per seat

49. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-49 Yield Management Systems

50. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-50 Integrated Collaboration Environments Many airlines are global businesses with employees located all over the world Airline employees often work in virtual teams ICEs let them avoid travel even though its free ICEs are an interesting competitive threat to airlines

51. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-51 CAN YOU… 1. Describe SCM systems, their competitive advantages, challenges to their use, and IT support 2. Describe CRM systems, their competitive advantages, challenges to their use, and IT support 3. Describe BI systems, their competitive advantages, challenges to their use, and IT support

52. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin 2-52 CAN YOU… 4. Describe ICE systems, their competitive advantages, challenges to their use, and IT support 5. Describe how individual systems work together to give airline companies a competitive advantage

53. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin Problems with E-tailing and Lessons Learned Dont ignore profitability Manage new risk exposure Watch the cost of branding Do not start with insufficient funds The Web site must be effective Keep it interesting

54. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin Issues in E-Tailing disintermediation The removal of organizations or business process layers responsible for certain intermediary steps in a given supply chain reintermediation The process whereby intermediaries (either new ones or those that had been disintermediated) take on new intermediary roles

55. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin Exhibit 3.12 Disintermediation and Reintermediation in the B2C Supply Chain

56. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/ Irwin Issues in E-Tailing cybermediation (electronic intermediation) The use of software (intelligent) agents to facilitate intermediation hypermediation Extensive use of both human and electronic intermediation to provide assistance in all phases of an e-commerce venture