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Macromolecules
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Organic Compounds
_________________ that contain _________________ are called _________________.
_________________ are large _______________________.
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Carbon (C)
___________has 4 electrons in outer shell.
__________________ can form __________________ bonds with as many as _____ other atoms (elements).
Usually with ___, ___, ___ or ____.
Example: CH4(methane)
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Macromolecules
Large organic molecules.
Also called ___________________________.
Made up of smaller “building blocks” called _____________________________.
Examples:
1. _________________________________
2. _________________________________
3. _________________________________
4. _________________________________
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Carbohydrates
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Carbohydrates
_______________________________to large sugar molecules.
Examples:
A. _______________________________
B. _______________________________
C. _______________________________
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Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide: one sugar unit
Examples: ________ (C6H12O6)
________________
glucose
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Carbohydrates
____________________: two sugar unit
Examples:
___________________________ (glucose+fructose)
__________________________ (glucose+galactose)
__________________________ (glucose+glucose)
glucose
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Carbohydrates
_________________________: many sugar units
Examples: ________________ (bread, potatoes)
________________ (beef muscle)
________________ (lettuce, corn)
glucose
cellulose
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Lipids
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Lipids
General term for compounds which are ______________________________________
Lipids are soluble in hydrophobic solvents.
Remember: “______________________________”
Examples: 1. _____________________________
2. _____________________________
3. _____________________________
4. _____________________________
5. _____________________________
6. ______________________________
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Lipids
Six functions of lipids:
1. Long term ___________________________
2. Protection against _________________________ (insulation)
3. Protection against ____________________
4. Protection against ____________________
5. Chemical messengers (hormones)
6. Major component of membranes (________________________________)
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Lipids
________________________: composed of 1 ____________ and ____________________. H
H-C----O
glycerol O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 = O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 =
fatty acids O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH
=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 =
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Fatty Acids
There are two kinds of fatty acids you may see these on food labels:
1. ______________________________: no double bonds (bad)
2. ______________________________: double bonds (good) O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 =
saturated O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH
=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 =
unsaturated
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Proteins
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16. Proteins (Polypeptides)
__________________ ( ______different kinds of aa) bonded together by peptide bonds (polypeptides).
Six functions of proteins:
1. ___________________: albumin (egg white)
2. ___________________: hemoglobin
3. ___________________: hormones
4. ___________________: muscles
5. ___________________: membranes, hair, nails
6. ___________________: cellular reactions
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17. Proteins (Polypeptides)
Four levels of protein structure:
A. _________________________ Structure
B. _________________________ Structure
C. _________________________ Structure
D. _________________________ Structure
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Nucleic Acids
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Nucleic acids
Two types:
a. _____________________ acid (DNA double helix)
b. ______________________ acid (RNA-single strand)
Nucleic acids are composed of long chains of _____________________ linked by dehydration synthesis.
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Nucleic acids
Nucleotides include:
_______________________________________
_______________________________ (5-carbon)
nitrogenous bases:
adenine (A)
thymine (T) DNA only
uracil (U) RNA only
cytosine (C)
guanine (G)
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Nucleotide O
O=P-O
Phosphate
Group N
Nitrogenous base
(A, G, C, or T)
CH2 O C1 C4 C3 C2 5
Sugar
(deoxyribose)
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DNA - double helix P O 1 2 3 4 5 P O 1 2 3 4 5 G C T A
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