1. Lesson 2.3: Macromolecules

2. Macromolecules
Macromolecules are polymers, the combination of many monomers (single units)
4 Major groups sorted by
chemical composition

3. Macromolecules
Carbohydrates are macromolecules made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms that plants & animals use as their main source of energy
usually in a ratio of 1 C : 2 H : 1 O
The breakdown of sugars
supplies immediate energy

4. Single sugar molecules are carbohydrates called monosaccharides
Examples: glucose & fructose (sugar)

5. The larger carbohydrates are known as polysaccharides
Examples:

6. Macromolecules
Lipids are macromolecules made mostly from carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) that animals use to store energy
Lipids are hydrophobic, which is not dissolvable in water
Ex. fats, oils, and waxes, steroids and hormones
Important parts of cell membranes

7. DO NOT TAKE HOME, THANKS!
Saturated fatty acids are carbon-carbon single bonds that are solid at room temp
“Bad” fats
Ex: Crisco

8. Unsaturated fatty acids have at least one carbon-carbon double bond and are liquid at room temp
(more than one double bond = polyunsaturated)
“Good” fats
Ex: Olive oil

9. Macromolecules
Proteins are macromolecules that are made up of nitrogen (N), carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O), and have the most diverse functions (jobs) in the body
Proteins have many functions, including:
Control rate of reactions
Regulate cell processes
Transport in/out of cells
Help fight disease

10. Proteins are composed of amino acids
Covalent bonds link amino acids together to form a polypeptide
A protein is a molecule built from one or more polypeptides

11. Macromolecules
Nucleic Acids are macromolecules containing hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), carbon (C), and phosphorus (P) that are used to store and transmit genetic information
Two types: DNA & RNA
The only macromolecule to
exist inside the body naturally

12. Nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides that bond together
Consist of three parts:
a 5-carbon sugar
a phosphate group
a nitrogenous base