1. Ch 8, Sec 2: The Roman Republic

2. Social Groups
Patricians-rich, elite landowners of Rome who ran the gov’t
Plebeians-artisans, shopkeepers, and owners of small farms
All men had to:
Pay taxes
Serve in the army
Vote

3. Roman Government Breakdown-Consuls
two Patrician men chosen for 1 year terms
Headed the army/gov’t
Could veto each other’s
decisions
Fair system kept out abusive
politicians

4. Roman Government Breakdown-Praetors
Interpreted the law
Acted as judges
Kept tax records
Handled money for
Rome
Controlled public
festivals

5. Roman Government Breakdown-Senators
300 Patrician men
Served for life
Gave advice to the consuls
Made laws
Debated issues
Approved building programs

6. Roman Government Breakdown-Assembly of Centuries
Elected officials
Picked the consuls and praetors
Passed laws
Made up of Patricians

7. Plebeians wanted power
Plebeians said they wanted equal rights to the patricians
They paid taxes, served in the army, and had earned a say in the gov’t
Went on strike and created their own gov’t
Patricians caved in and the plebeians were able to set up the Council of the Plebs

8. Council of the Plebs All plebeians
Elected tribunes to tell their concerns to the Patricians
Could veto gov’t decisions

9. Changes to Politics Laws allowed plebeians and patricians to marry
Laws allowed plebeians to be consuls
Patricians and Plebeians had “equal” rights
Patricians still had most of the power

10. Dictator A person with complete control in times of emergency
Ruled for 6 months at a time
Ruled over all of Rome
Was over even the Consuls

11. Cincinnatus Roman dictator
Put in charge in 460 B.C. after the Roman army was surrounded by an outside group
Raised in army and defeated the enemy in 15 days
Went back to farming when it was over

12. Twelve Tables
Roman laws written down to make sure Patricians did not abuse Plebeians
12 bronze tables were put in the marketplace in Rome
Started the rule of law-all citizens had the same rights no matter what social class they belonged to
Only applied to Roman citizens
Used to write laws for non-citizens called the Law of Nations

13. Rome Expands Controlled all of Italy
Wanted to control trade and sea routes around the Mediterranean Sea
These routes were controlled by the state of Carthage in North Africa

14. First Punic War Carthage and Rome fought over the island of Sicily
Started in 264 B.C. after Rome’s army was sent to Sicily to protect the island
Carthage already had colonies on the island and saw this as an invasion of their land
Rome built a navy and defeated Carthage after 20 years of fighting
Rome now controlled the island

15. Second Punic War is started
Carthage took over parts of Spain
Rome saw this as a threat
Rome sent soldiers to Spain to help rebel against Carthage
Carthage sent Hannibal to attack Rome in 218 B.C.

16. Second Punic War-Battle Plan
Hannibal took 46,000 men, horses, and elephants to Spain to get to Italy
Problem for Hannibal-Alps proved to difficult to cross killing ½ of his troops
Hannibal took over southern part of Italy during the Battle of Cannae

17. Second Punic War continued
Rome responded by having Gen. Scipio attacking Carthage forcing Hannibal to go home to protect Carthage
Battle of Zama-Scipio’s troops beat Hannibal forcing Carthage to give up Spain
Rome won the war and ruled the Mediterranean Sea

18. Third Punic War Carthage was burned down 50,000 people were enslaved
Roman soldiers spread salt on the ground to prevent crops from growing in Carthage
Resulted in Rome controlling all of Carthage, Macedonia, Greece, and part of Asia within 20 years of the end of the Punic Wars