1. Cycles in the Biosphere
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.3 Cycling of Matter
Cycles in the Biosphere
Energy is transformed into usable forms to support the functions of an ecosystem.
The cycling of nutrients in the biosphere involves both matter in living organisms and physical processes found in the environment such as weathering.

2. Water Cycle!

3. Water Cycle Condensation – water goes from a gas to a liquid
Precipitation – Liquid state falling from the sky
Evaporation – water goes from a liquid to a gas
Transpiration – evaporation of water from the leaves of plants

4. About 69 percent of all freshwater is found in ice caps and glaciers.
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.3 Cycling of Matter
Approximately 90 percent of water vapor evaporates from oceans, lakes, and rivers; 10 percent evaporates from the surface of plants through a process called transpiration.
Freshwater constitutes only about 3 percent of all water on Earth. (Great Lakes = most!)
About 69 percent of all freshwater is found in ice caps and glaciers.

5. The Carbon and Oxygen Cycles
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.3 Cycling of Matter
The Carbon and Oxygen Cycles

6. Carbon and oxygen often make up molecules essential for life.
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.3 Cycling of Matter
Carbon and oxygen often make up molecules essential for life.
Carbon and oxygen recycle relatively quickly through living organisms.

7. Organic matter converted to peat, coal, oil, or gas deposits (carbon)
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.3 Cycling of Matter
Long-term Cycle
Organic matter converted to peat, coal, oil, or gas deposits (carbon)
Calcium carbonate (ex.shells) (carbon and oxygen)
Short-term Cycle
Burning fossil fuels (carbon)

8. Carbon Cycle in Mrs. Doubtfire
I'm a raptor, doin' what I can
Gonna eat everything till the appearance of man
Yo, yo, see me, I'm livin' below the soil
I'll be back but I'm comin' as oil

9. Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.3 Cycling of Matter
The Nitrogen Cycle
The capture and conversion of nitrogen into a form that is useable by plants is called nitrogen fixation.

10. Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen is found in 2 of the 4 molecules needed for life – proteins and nucleic acids
Plants get nitrogen by way of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil.
The bacteria are able to convert nitrogen into forms other organisms are able to use.
Ammonia produced by bacteria can be used by plants.
Nitrogen in plants moves to consumers by consumption.
Decomposers break down dead animals and nitrogen is put back into the soil.

11. Other source of Nitrogen
Fertilizer!
Most fertilizers contain primarily nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
24 = % N
6 = % P
12 = % Potash (K)

12. Nitrogen is returned to the soil in several ways:
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.3 Cycling of Matter
Nitrogen is returned to the soil in several ways:
Animals urinate.
Organisms die.
Organisms convert ammonia into nitrogen compounds.

13. The Phosphorus Cycle 2.3 Cycling of Matter Principles of Ecology
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.3 Cycling of Matter
The Phosphorus Cycle

14. Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.3 Cycling of Matter
Short-term Cycle
Phosphorus is cycled from the soil to producers and then from the producers to consumers.
Long-term Cycle
Weathering or erosion of rocks that contain phosphorus slowly adds phosphorus to the cycle.

15. Carbon Dioxide in atmosphere Death and Decomposition
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Combustion
Fossil Fuels
Death and Decomposition

16. Nitrogen Fixation NH3 Ammonia Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in plant roots
Nitrogen gas in the atmosphere
Nitrogen Fixation
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in plant roots
Decomposition
NH3
Soil Bacteria
Ammonia