2. Unit 2: Cells
Objective 1: Describe the fundamental chemistry of living cells
Objective 2: Describe the flow of energy and matter in cellular function
Objective 3: investigate the structure and function of cells and cell parts

3. Unit Key Vocabulary Fat Organelles Nucleic Acid Photosynthesis Enzyme
Chlorophyll
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Cell Wall
Solvent
Solute
Adhesion
Cohesion
Microorganism
Organelles
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Cellular Respiration
Osmosis
Diffusion
Active Transport
Homeostasis
Cell Theory
Organic
Carbohydrate
Fermentation
Protein

4. What are You Made of?
Living things are made of matter, which in turn, consists of chemical substances.
A chemical substance is a material that has a definite chemical composition, such as an element or compound.
An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into different types of substances.
A compound is a new substance that forms when atoms of two or more elements react with one another.
Ionic bonds – take and give electrons. Covalent bonds – share electrons.
Can you think of an example of an element?
Can you think of an example of a compound? What makes it a compound?

5. What are You Made of?
Our cells contain many elements, but 6 of them are more abundantly found than others.
A trace element is an element that is required by living things in small amounts, such as iron or calcium.
Can you think of any other trace elements that could be found in our bodies?
Potassium

6. Parts of an atom How to read the Periodic Table
Nucleus
The center of the atom
Electron
Virtually no mass, negatively charged, found around the nucleus
Proton
Found in nucleus, positively charged
Neutron
Found in nucleus, neutral charge

7. CHNOPS

8. CHNOPS Jigsaw
Each student will be given one of the elements, they will need to learn about that element, discuss with others of the same element, and then explain it to their group of 6 (all elements represented).
5 min to read over your part
10-15 min to share with their group (all the C’s, etc.)
10-15 min to share with the rest of the elements

9. Macromolecules: Are You what you eat?
Organic compounds (compounds that contain the element Carbon) are essential to all known life on Earth. Organic compounds are chemical substances that make up organisms and carry out life processes.
Large organic molecules known as macromolecules, are composed of smaller organic molecules linked together. There are four classes of macromolecules:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

10. Carbohydrates
Organic compounds such as sugars and starches that provide quick energy.
Contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
The most common type of the four types of major molecules.
Monomers are monosaccharides and Polymers are polysaccharides
Sugars include sucrose, fructose, and lactose. Starches include foods like potatoes and pasta.

11. Lipids Organic compound that includes the fat, oils, and waxes.
Provides long-term energy source for organisms and forms cell membranes.
Contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Monomers are glycerol and fatty acids. Polymers are phospholipids, fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.

12. Proteins
Organic compounds composed of amino acids and includes enzymes, antibodies and muscle fibers.
Provides cell structure and speeds up chemical reactions (enzymes).
Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and, in some cases, sulfur.
Monomers are amino acids. Polymers are polypeptides.

13. Nucleic Acids
Organic compounds that carry genetic information. They are the building blocks of DNA and RNA.
Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous.
Monomers are nucleotides. Polymers are nucleic acids.

14. Macromolecules
Monomers
Functions
Elements it Contains
Examples
Structure
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide
 Polysaccharide
Primary source of energy
C, H, O
Pasta, cereal, fruits, vegetables
Lipids
Glycerol, Fatty Acids
Long term energy storage, component of cell membranes
Fats, oils, waxes, steroids, hormones
Proteins
Amino Acids
 Polypeptide or
Protein
Provides cell structure, speed up chemical reactions (enzymes)
C, H, O, N, S
Muscle, enzymes
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotide 
Nucleic Acid
Carry genetic information
C, H, O, N, P
DNA, RNA

15. Macromolecule Activities
Choose one of the following activities to demonstrate your understanding of Macromolecules
Cartoon – Make a cartoon that tells either: a scary, funny or adventure story about macromolecules.
Concept Map – create a concept map using the information and vocabulary you know about macromolecules. All connectors must be labeled with why you made the connections you did. Make sure you are making connections between concepts, not just writing definitions.
Picture Analogies – think of a picture analogy for each of the four macromolecules. The picture should include the following parts: (draw ONE picture per macromolecule)
An analogy for each macromolecule’s structure (elements and subunits) (its structure reminds me of…)
An analogy for each macromolecule’s function (main functions) (It works like…)
You must create your analogies TOGETHER in one picture. NO SENTENCES. You can use words to label parts of your drawing, but you cannot have written explanation/dialogue/etc.