1. 1.4.1 Why do living organisms need to respire?
Module 4 Respiration
1.4.1 Why do living organisms need to respire?

2. Learning Objectives Success Criteria
Why living organisms require energy
How ATP stores energy
How ATP is synthesised and broken down
The role of ATP in biological processes
Describe biological processes that require energy (Grade D)
Describe the condensation and hydrolysis reactions that form and break down ATP (Grade C)
Explain how the chemical structure of ATP enables it to store energy (Grade B/C)
Explain how ATP functions as an immediate energy source in biological processes (Grade A/B)

3. Energy What different forms of energy can you think of?
What do living things need energy for?
Write down one reason on a post it
Chemical/potential (stored) energy, kinetic energy. Discuss key words – METABOLISM, ANABOLIC, CATABOLIC
Keywords
Metabolism – All the reactions which take place in living cells
Catabolism – Metabolic reactions involving hydrolysis reactions
Anabolism - Metabolic reactions where large molecules are synthesised from smaller ones

4. Living organisms need energy!
Growth
secretion
Active transport
Activations of chemicals
Metabolic reactions that require energy
Movement
Making enzymes, hormones etc.
Differentiate between endotherms (birds, mammals) and ectotherms (e.g. reptiles)
Powers cells
division
repair damage
- maintain organelles
Muscle contraction
Maintaining body temperature in endotherms

5. The role of ATP in living organisms
Photosynthesis
Animal cell organelles.swf
Respiration
Mitochondria
LO 2
Photosynthesis and respiration diagram
Solar energy converted to chemical energy in photosynthesis
Chemical energy released from glucose in respiration is stored as ATP
The energy released is stored as ATP

6. Structure of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
base (adenine)
sugar(ribose)
phosphates (3)
No notes required – exam question!
In pairs using the sweets provided make a molecule of ATP

8. The ATP cycle
Broken down (Phosphate group removed) 30.6 kJmol energy released.
HYDROLYSIS
ATP
ADP + Pi
CONDENSATION
Phosphate group added – phosphorylation. Energy taken in.

9. Properties of ATP Small amount of energy released at a time, no waste.
Relatively stable.
Small, soluble molecule - can be easily moved between areas of cell when in solution.
Both catabolic and anabolic reactions catalysed by enzymes.
ATP synthase (ADP to ATP). ATPase (ATP to ADP)
Small amount of energy released at a time, no waste.
Easily broken down to release energy
Transfer energy to other molecules due to transferring a phosphate group
ATP cannot leave the cell – so always available.

10. 1 (b) With reference to the above diagram, describe and explain the role of ATP in the cell (3)

12. Learning Objectives Success Criteria
Why living organisms require energy
How ATP stores energy
How ATP is synthesised and broken down
The role of ATP in biological processes
Describe biological processes that require energy (Grade D)
Describe the condensation and hydrolysis reactions that form and break down ATP (Grade C)
Explain how the chemical structure of ATP enables it to store energy (Grade B/C)
Explain how ATP functions as an immediate energy source in biological processes (Grade A/B)