1. And the role of the parent
Chapter 6: The Newborn
And the role of the parent

2. March 9-13 by the end of the week I expect you to be able to:
March 9-13 by the end of the week I expect you to be able to: Describe the characteristics of the newborn Identify an infants physical, intellectual and social emotional needs Explain the role of parents with newborns Consider the changes that infants endure between living in the womb and entering the real world. Who goes through more changes; the parents or the infants? March 9: overview of the development of the physical development of infants

3. Medical Care and Testing- The Apgar Test
This tests the baby’s chance of survival.
The baby scores a 0, 1, or 2 in each of five areas. The best possible score is a 10.
It checks the baby’s pulse, breathing, muscle tone, responsiveness and skin color.
Heart rate and breathing are scaled as most important, while skin colour (a sign of circulation) is least important.
The test is given one minute and five minutes after delivery. The five minute score should be higher.

4. Medical Care and Testing- The Apgar Test
Most healthy babies score 6 or 7 at 1 minutes, then 8 to 10 at 5 minutes.
If a baby scores 7 or less at 5 minutes, he or she is tested again at 10 minutes.
A low score means the baby needs special medical care.

5. What is an APGAR score?

6. Physical Development of the Newborn
What are some major milestones babies reach in the first year?
Using your textbook define the following terms in your notebooks:
Anemia
Cradle cap
Brazelton Scale
Neonatal intensive care units
Neonate
Pediatricians
Jaundice
PKU
Refer to Page 179
Create a chart which clearly identifies what a Newborn looks like. This should include: Size, body proportion, Face, Cranium, Skin, Eyes and Mouth.

7. Agenda 1. Reflexes of an Infant 2. Feeding Options for an Infant
3. Newborn Assignment: Instructions and Begin Work

8. Reflexes of the Newborn
Infant reflexes are responses that are normal in infants, but abnormal in other age groups. These include:
•Moro reflex
•Sucking reflex (sucks when area around mouth is touched).
•Startle reflex (pulling arms and legs in after hearing loud noise).
•Step reflex (stepping motions when sole of foot touches hard surface).
A reflex is a muscle reaction that happens automatically in response to stimulation. Certain sensations or movements produce specific muscle responses.
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9. Tonic neck reflex
. This reflex occurs when the head of child who is relaxed and lying face up is moved to the side. The arm on the side where the head is facing reaches away from the body with the hand partly open. The arm on the side away from the face is flexed and the fist is clenched tightly. Turning the baby's face in the other direction reverses the position. The tonic neck position is often described as the fencer's position because it looks like a fencer's stance.

10. Truncal Incurvation or Galant Reflex
This reflex occurs the side of the infant’s spine is stroked or tapped while the infant lies on the stomach. The infant will twitch his or her hips toward the touch in a dancing movement

11. Grasp reflex.
This reflex occurs if you place a finger on the infant's open palm. The hand will close around the finger. Trying to remove the finger causes the grip to tighten. Newborn infants have strong grasps and can almost be lifted up if both hands are grasping your fingers.

12. Rooting reflex.
This reflex occurs when the baby's cheek is stroked. The infant will turn toward the side that was stroked and begin to make sucking motions.

13. Parachute reflex.
This reflex occurs in slightly older infants when the child is held upright and the baby’s body is rotated quickly to face forward (as in falling). The baby will extend his arms forward as if to break a fall, even though this reflex appears long before the baby walks.

14. Reflexes Examples of reflexes that last into adulthood are:
•Blinking reflex -- blinking the eyes when they are touched or when a sudden bright light appears
•Cough reflex -- coughing when the airway is stimulated
•Gag reflex -- gagging when the throat or back of the mouth is stimulated
•Sneeze reflex -- sneezing when the nasal passages are irritated
•Yawn reflex - yawning when the body needs more oxygen
Infant reflexes can occur in adults who have:
•Brain damage
•Stroke

15. Interview your family tonight and see if they remember your infancy
Interview your family tonight and see if they remember your infancy. When did you learn to walk? What was your first word? Any fun story they recall. Be prepared to share tomorrow 
10 minute review: if time allows
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16. Feeding
A mother can meet needs by either breast-feeding or formula feeding , breast-feeding is preferred.
Mother’s who breast-feed their babies should do the following:
a) Eat a balanced diet. The quality of breast mild varies only slightly from mother to mother.
b) Drink at least eight 8-ounce glasses of fluid per day (Milk, water, juice)
c) Check with a pediatrician about giving the baby a supplementary source of iron, fluoride, and vitamin D.
d) Realize certain foods can upset the baby.
e) Tell doctors and dentists when nursing. Any over the counter drug could affect the baby.
f) Rest and avoid stress. Milk supply decreases when mother’s are tired or under stress.
g) Use breast-feeding time to bond with babies.

17. Feeding
Formula Feeding: Some mothers are not able to breast-feed, or choose not to feed this way. If parents choose formula feeding, they should do the following:
Consult with a doctor about the type of formula.
Report any digestive upsets or rash to the doctor. This could be a problem with the formula.
They are available in liquid concentrate, or ready to feed forms.
Feed newborns the right amount of milk as recommended by the baby’s doctor.
Keep utensils and bottles completely clean.
Keep mixed and ready-to-use formula refrigerated. Bacteria can grow quickly otherwise.
Throw away unfinished formula. Bacteria can grow on unfinished milk because the milk contains some of the baby’s saliva.

18. Agenda- March 17th
1. Discussion: Clothing & Dressing, Diapering, Bathing, Sleeping and Exercising.
2. Lesson: Meeting the Newborn’s Intellectual Needs
3. Reflection: What adjustment do you think would be the most difficult for a new mother and why?
4. There will be a test on Infants on Friday March 20th

19. Clothing and Dressing Should be easy to put on and take off.
Loose Fitting
Do not overdress them
Dressing is an ideal time to talk with children
Question for you: How can a mother save money?

20. Diapering Disposable Diapers:
waterproof outer layers and are easy and convenient to use.
If the child is to attend childcare then disposable diapers are necessary.
Cloth Diapers:
Parents must consider how much time they have to wash cloth diapers.

21. Sleeping They need an average of 17 hours of sleep per day.
Newborns are growing so rapidly, so their bodies needs lots of rest.
They usually take 7 or 8 naps in which they suck, wheeze, and gurgle.
They should be placed on a firm mattress with no stuffed toys.
Should be placed on their backs.
SIDS: A syndrome in which a baby dies without warning in his or her sleep.
Lying face down on a soft, fluffy bedding is a risk.
Allowing a baby to become too hot has also been linked to SIDS.

22. Exercising
Exercise is important for muscle development, coordination, and even relaxation.
Helping them exercise may help the general development of muscles.
It is a way to help develop a warm relationship.
Select a good time (when they are alert, but not fussy).

23. Scheduling Babies should begin to develop eating-sleeping patterns.
The length of time between feedings will increase, which results in fewer feedings per day.
Meeting babies’ needs helps them learn to trust the world.

24. Intellectual Needs Brain Research:
The sense organs transmit information from the environment to the brain.
All sense organs can function at birth.
Newborns need to be touched and cuddled, talked to and offered sensory experiences.
To prevent newborns from becoming overwhelmed, parent talk and other experiences should be slow, quiet and repeated often.

25. Intellectual Needs What Can Newborns Do?
They can tell the difference between human speech and other sounds.
At 12 to 24 hours old, newborns can move their arms and legs rhythmically to human speech.
They can learn whether to turn their heads right or left for a reward of sugar water.
Can distinguish between sounds.
Babies will begin to learn about space.
Babies learn through imitation.

26. Intellectual Needs How can parents help their babies learn?
Warm and expressive talk
Looking at moving objects
Seeing faces, hearing sounds
Grasping objects
Using colourful bed bumper pads.
Wind Chime/music box etc for sensory experiences.

27. Reflection
What adjustment do you think would be the most difficult for a new mother and why?

28. Intellectual Development
(Baby Geniuses)

29. Agenda- March 18th 1. Lesson: Social Emotional Needs
2. Review: The Infant
3.Reflection: Consider the changes that infants endure between living in the womb and entering the real world. Who goes through more changes; the parents or the infants?

30. Social- Emotional Needs of the Newborn

31. Social Emotional Alertness of Newborns:
Babies learn best when they are in the alert, inactive state.
Babies differ in alertness because of their individuality.
With each passing week, newborns spend more time in the alert-inactive stage.
Parents should take advantage of their alert states by cuddling and playing with them.

32. Social Emotional Soothing a Fussy Baby
Newborns cry for almost any reason because crying is the way they “talk.”
They may cry because they are tired, hungry, lonely, or uncomfortable.
Colic: a condition in which the baby has intense abdominal pain. The causes could be allergies, tension, swallowing air when sucking, and hunger. Medication can be prescribed in severe cases, but soothing often works.
Parents should try to soothe, but not spoil the baby.

33. Agenda- March 18th 1. Finish Social Emotional needs
2. Final Reflection
3. Review Sheet
4. Create 5 trivia questions

34. Social Emotional Meeting the Parents’ Needs: a) Need for rest:
Need to put off unnecessary chores, should sleep while the baby rests etc.
b) Organize Tasks:
Parents need to organize their households. Valuable time is wasted looking for misplaced items.
c) Time to Be with Adults:
Spend time with adults, short walks, babysitters for short periods of time and sharing with other parents.

35. Final Reflection
Consider the changes that infants endure between living in the womb and entering the real world. Who goes through more changes; the parents or the infants?

36. Agenda- March 19th
1. Review Sheet Completion and Study for Test on Friday.
2. Infant Trivia Preparation Game 