1. NeuroLinguistics
Mam Lubna Umar

2. ہم تیرے بن اب رہ نہیں سکت
We too!!!!

3. Language in Brain Neurolinguistis .
The relationship between language and the brain
How it all started?
Where is language located in the brain?

4. How the human beings use language?
NeuroLinguistics is the study of how language is represented and processed in the brain.
The coining of the term "neurolinguistics" has been attributed to Harry Whitaker, who founded the Journal of Neurolinguistics in 1985.

5. Brain of …………….

6. Brain of …………….
How it really is

7. Be a Linguist

8. The Brainstem (Pathway to the Body)
Base of brain
Unconscious work
Autonomic functions, e.g., survival, breathing, body functions, etc.
The brainstem controls unconscious work such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure. This area of the brain holds the key to life itself.

9. The Cerebellum (Balance)
‘little brain’
Large in size
11% of brain’s weight
Center of balance
The cerebellum is the key to balance, maintenance of body posture, and coordination of muscle function. The cerebellum ‘remembers’ such movements learned at a young age such as walking and grabbing.

10. The Frontal Lobes (Problem Solving)
Largest part
Moves your body
Highly developed
Forms your personality
The frontal lobes are responsible for allowing you to think of the past, plan for the future, focus your attention, solve problems, make decisions, and have conversation with others. This region is also responsible for thinking creatively and analytically in a problem-solving mode.

11. The Parietal Lobes (Touching)
Two major divisions Anterior and posterior
Senses hot and cold, hard and soft, and pain
Taste and smell
Helps integrate the senses
The brain must always know where each part of the body is located and its relation to it’s surroundings. The anterior part (front) is responsible for receiving incoming sensory stimuli. The posterior part (rear) is continuously analyzing to give a person a sense of spatial awareness.

12. The Temporal Lobes (Hearing)
Processes auditory stimuli
Subdivisions into
Wernicke’s Area (associated with speech comprehension)
Broca’s Area (associated with speech production)
Subdivisions cope with hearing, language, and some aspects to memory. Wernicke’s Area is critical for speech including reading. It allows us to comprehend or interpret speech and to words together correctly so they make sense. Broca’s area is behind the frontal lobes. This area is the center of our speech. It also relates to other language areas such as writing and reading.

13. All in One
This area gives a person the ability to see and observe.

14. Activity
After reading this post , you will realize that the the brain doesn’t realize the repetition of “the”.

15. Localization

16. PAUL BROCA, a French neurosurgeon
In 1861, found that damage to the front part of the left hemisphere resulted in loss of speech.

17. “we speak with the left hemisphere”
Broca’s Area
He examined a brain (a recently deceased patient who had had an unusual disorder). Tan could neither speak a complete sentence nor express his thoughts in writing. The only articulate sound he could only make syllable “tan”.
“we speak with the left hemisphere”
-Broca-

18. CARL WERNICKE, a German neurologist
In 1871, he discovered another part of the brain, this one involved in understanding language,
He found
in the posterior portion of the left temporal lobe. People who had a lesion at this location could speak, but their speech was often incoherent and made no sense.

19. The Language Loop Broca's Area:
the production of language, or language outputs
Wernicke's Area :
processing of words that we hear being spoken, or language inputs.
Arcuate Fasciculus :
a large bundle of nerve fibres which connect Broca's area and Wernicke's area

20. How it Works

21. Parts of the brain (1) Broca’s area (2) Wernicke’s area
Anterior speech cortex
Controls Syntax
(1) Broca’s area
Posterior speech cortex
controls Semantics
(2) Wernicke’s area

22. Parts of the brain (3) Motor cortex: (4) Arcuate Fasciculus
Involved in the physical articulation of speech
(3) Motor cortex:
Connection between Broac’s area and Wernicke’s area
(4) Arcuate Fasciculus

23. Prepare Sound verbal response
In Broca’s Area…
Prepare Sound verbal response
Send to the motor cortex (an utterance there is at least 100 muscle and neuromuscular barrage involved 140,000)
Sound be considered not only the order of words and sound sequences, but also the order of the features of the sounds to be uttered
Example….

24. The connection between the brain and the language
Human brain structure is the fundamental basis of the relationship between language and the brain.

25. Language Disorders

26. 1. Aphasia 1. 2. 3. Broca’s aphasia Wernicke’s aphasia Global aphasia
A language deficit caused by damage to the brain, often be a stroke or an accident
According to Rosenzweig, aphasia divided into 3 categories: 1.
Broca’s aphasia
Nonfluent speech 2.
Wernicke’s aphasia
Fluent speech but unintelligible 3.
Global aphasia
Total loss of language

27. Student Brain
Dyslexia is a specific impairment of reading in a person with adequate vision and adequate skills in other academic areas.
More common in boys.
Research suggests a genetic influence.

28. Student Aphasia