1. Chapter 29: Plant Diversity I
How Plants Colonized Land
A.Foksinska

2. Similarities between Charophytes and Embryophytes (land plants)
Rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins
Peroxisome enzymes
Structure of flagellated sperm
Formation of a phragmoplast

4. Differences between Charophytes and Embryophytes
Alteration of Generations
Multicellular, Dependent Embryos
Walled Spores Produced in Sporangia
Multicellular Gametangia
Apical Meristems
Explain how these features are adaptive for life on land.

5. General Overview of Alteration of Generations

6. Plant Evolution
Reduction of the haploid (gametophyte) Dominance of the diploid (sporophyte)

7. Nonvascular Bryophytes
Gametophyte Dominant
No true leaves, stems, roots
Hepatophyta (liverworts)
Hepato- Greek- “liver” (think- hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver) and it looks like liver-shaped
Gemmae – asexual reproduction
Anthocerophyta (hornworts)
I always remember this because ‘cero’ reminds me of ‘rhinoceros’ which have HORNS and ‘antho’ means ‘flower’ so… ‘flower horns’
Bryophyta (moss)
This is a PHYLUM, not same as term ‘bryophytes’

8. Practice with Moss Life Cycle

9. Practice with Moss Life Cycle

10. Tracheophytes: Vascular Plants
Lots of vocabulary:
Microphylls- small, spine-shaped leaves supported by a single strand of vascular tissue
Megaphylls- leaves with a highly branched vascular system
Sporangia- multicellular organs in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid cells develop.
Sporophylls- modified leaves that bear sporangia
Strobilus-the technical term for a cluster of sporophylls known commonly as a cone (most gymnosperms and some seedless vascular plants).
Sorus- A cluster of sporangia on a fern sporophyll..
Homosporous- a single kind of spore, which typically develops into a bisexual gametophyte.
Heterosporous- two kinds of spores: microspores, which develop into male gametophytes, and megaspores, which develop into female gametophytes.

11. Tracheophytes: Vascular Plants
Or…..in pretty picture/diagram form:

12. Seedless Vascular Plants
Lycophyta
It’s “Lyc” a moss but it is not a moss!
Monilophyta
It’s a stretch but I remember Manila Bay (in the Philippines) and the green, tropical plants that grow on the ground there

13. FERN LIFE CYCLE
prothallus