1. Non-Vascular Plant
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2. There are thousands of different kinds of plants
There are thousands of different kinds of plants. How do botanists classify them? There are many different ways plants can be classified.
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3. One way to classify plants is based on whether or not they have flowers or whether or not they produce spores.
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4. Plants
Non-Flowering Plants
Flowering Plants
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5. Another way to classify plants is to determine whether or not they contain vascular tissue.
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6. Plants
Non-Vascular Plants
Vascular Plants
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7. Vascular tissue is the transport system of a plant.
Plants with vascular tissue are called vascular plants
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8. One kind of vascular tissue carries food
One kind of vascular tissue carries food. Another kind carries water and dissolved minerals.
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9. Non-Flowering Plants 1. Bryophytes 2.Pteridophyta
Mosses and Liverworts
2.Pteridophyta
Ferns
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10. 1. Gymnosperms 2. Angiosperms Seed Plants Open seeded Plants
Closed seeded Plants
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11. Non-vascular Plants 1. Bryophytes
Plants without roots, stems, and leaves are called bryophytes. A bryophyte is a nonvascular plant that produces spores and lives in a moist environment on land .
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12. nonvascular plants have no phloem or xylem to carry materials throughout their bodies. So how do food and water travel through a bryophyte?
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13. Food travels from cell to cell by diffusion
Food travels from cell to cell by diffusion. Water travels between cells by osmosis. Both processes are very slow.
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14. This slow movement of food and water can only support a small plant
This slow movement of food and water can only support a small plant. For this reason, bryophytes are small. In fact, some bryophytes are so small that most people never notice them.
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15. 2.Mosses:
A moss is a bryophyte with a stalked body that usually grows upright.
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16. Look at the parts of the moss in Figure
Look at the parts of the moss in Figure. At the base of the moss are rhizoids, rootlike parts that hold a bryophyte to the ground. How are rhizoids different from true roots?
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17. Left: The parts of a moss
Left: The parts of a moss. The stalk and capsule grow only at certain times of the year. Right: Star moss, Polytrichum piliferum.
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18. The rhizoids are connected to a stemlike stalk
The rhizoids are connected to a stemlike stalk. Surrounding the stalk are leaflike parts that contain chloroplasts and carry on photosynthesis.
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19. The leaflike parts are one cell thick and absorb water through their cell walls.
The capsule, located at the top of a long stalk, is the spore case of a moss. A moss can be identified by the shape of its capsule.
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20. The stages in the life of an organism are called its life cycle.
Moss Life Cycle
The stages in the life of an organism are called its life cycle.
bryophytes carry out their life cycles on land. They adapted to drier environments.
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21. Mosses go through two stages in their life cycle
an asexual stage
a sexual stage.
Look at Figure
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22. The life cycle of a moss. Why is water needed for the sexual stage?
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23. The asexual stage begins when the moss capsule produces spores
The asexual stage begins when the moss capsule produces spores. Each spore has a protective covering that keeps it from drying out.
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24. Once released from the capsule, the spores are dispersed by wind and water. If a spore lands in moist soil, it can germinate, and grows into a new plant.
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25. When the new plant matures, the sexual stage of the life cycle begins
When the new plant matures, the sexual stage of the life cycle begins. Tiny sex organs develop at the top of the leaf-like parts.
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26. In some mosses, both male and female sex organs develop on the same plant. In other mosses, male and female sex organs develop on different plants.
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27. Sperm produced by the male sex organ swim through rain­water or dew to an egg in the female sex organ. Fertilization occurs, and the fertilized egg, or zygote, grows into an embryo.
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28. An embryo is an organism in an early stage of development
An embryo is an organism in an early stage of development. The moss embryo stays in the female sex organ, which protects it and keeps it from drying out. Soon it grows into a stalk and capsule, and the cycle begins again
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29. Liverworts
Liverwort, liver-shaped plant, a bryophyte with a flat, lobed body that grows along the ground.
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30. Like mosses, liverworts have rhizoids that anchor them to the soil
Like mosses, liverworts have rhizoids that anchor them to the soil. Liverworts reproduce sexually when sperm from a male sex organ swim to an egg in a female sex organ.
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31. A liverwort. The umbrella- shaped structures are female sex organs
A liverwort. The umbrella- shaped structures are female sex organs. Also notice the asexual cuplike structures.
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32. After fertilization, the zygote develops into a new liverwort
After fertilization, the zygote develops into a new liverwort. Some liverworts reproduce asexually by forming special structures that look like cups.
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33. Each cup contains flat bits of tissue
Each cup contains flat bits of tissue. Raindrops splash the tissue on to the soil. If the conditions are right, new liverworts start to grow.
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34. ADAPTATION OVER TIME
Bryophytes
ü First plants to produce spores with a protective covering that prevents drying and aids dispersal by wind ü First plants in which zygote develops into an embryo ü Embryo is protected within the female sex organ
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35. Lesson Review 1. List three characteristics of bryophytes. 2
Lesson Review 1. List three characteristics of bryophytes. 2. Name three parts of a moss and state their function. 3. Describe the two stages in the life cycle of a moss. 4. How do some liverworts reproduce asexually?
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36. Interpret and Apply 5.Why are moss spores dispersed by wind more likely to survive than algae spores dispersed by wind? 6.In what ways are liverworts similar to mosses?
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37. 2. Pteridophyta
Ferns
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