1. Chapter 2
A.P. Human Geography

2. Who Am I?!
Thomas Malthus
Theory on population growth vs. ability to grow food.
Linear food growth vs. exponential population growth
Did not account for changes in food production- industrial revolution

3. Population Concentrations
Arithmetic Density: # of people/ square miles within a nation
Physiological density: # of people/arable land
Concentration- climate/water
Dense : trade/ability to grow food (megalopolis)
Sparse: bad weather, difficult to grow food, lack of natural resources

4. World Population Distribution and Density
East Asia
- ¼ of world population here
South Asia
- bound by the Himalayas and a desert in Pakistan
Europe
- population is concentrated in cities
North America
- megalopolis

5.
Doubling time has decreased over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Slowly began to increase again after reaching 6 billion

6. Population Vocabulary
Crude Birth Rate: # of births/1000 ppl in the population
Low life expectancy, high child/infant mortality rates, attempting to replace the population
Crude Death Rate: # of deaths/1000 ppl in the population
Availability to medicine/sanitation
Births - Deaths= Natural Rate of Increase
Replacement Rate: 2.1- # of children that need to be born per woman in order to replace the population. Many developed countries are below this rate. Italy =0.8
Rely on immigration to make up for the difference in the replacement rate

7. The Demographic Transition
Stage 1: Low Growth (Pre-Industrial Revolution)
Stage 2: High Growth (Early 1700s)
Stage 3: Moderate Growth (First half of 1900s)
Stage 4: Low Growth or Stationary

8. Population Pyramids – Charts that show the percentages of each age group in the total population, divided by gender.

11. Governments and Population Policies
Expansive :tax Credits/incentives
Eugenic: “cleansing” based on ethnicity, superiority
Restrictive: One Child Policy