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CHAPTER 7 The flow of food: storage.

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1 CHAPTER 7 The flow of food: storage

2 Test Your Food Safety Knowledge (True or False)
Potato salad that has been prepared in house and stored at 410F (50C) must be discarded after three days. Food can be stored near chemicals as long as the chem-icals are stored in sturdy, clearly labeled containers. Storing cans of tomatoes at 650F (180C) is acceptable. Raw chicken must be stored below ready-to-eat food, such as pumpkin pie, if it is stored in the same walk-in refrigerator. If stored food has passed its expiration date, it should be served at once. 7-3

3 Test Your Food Safety Knowledge (True or False)
Potato salad that has been prepared in house and stored at 410F (50C) must be discarded after three days. False Food can be stored near chemicals as long as the chem-icals are stored in sturdy, clearly labeled containers. False Storing cans of tomatoes at 650F (180C) is acceptable. True Raw chicken must be stored below ready-to-eat food, such as pumpkin pie, if it is stored in the same walk-in refrigerator. True If stored food has passed its expiration date, it should be served at once. False 7-3

4 First In, First Out Method of stock rotation in which products are shelved based on their use-by or expiration dates, so oldest products are used first. Date marking A date on ready-to-eat TCS food held for more than 24 hours indicating by when the food must be sold, eaten, or thrown out. Reduced-oxygen packaged (ROP) food Packaging method that reduces the amount of oxygen available in order to slow microbial growth. ROP methods include: Sous vide food Packaging method by which cooked or partially cooked food is vacuum packed in individual pouches and then chilled. This food is heated for service in the establishment. Frozen, precooked meals are often packaged this way. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) Packaging method by which the air inside of a package is altered using gases, such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Many fresh-cut produce items are packaged this way. Vacuum-packed food Food processed by removing air from around it while sealed in a package. This process increases the products shelf life. Instructor Notes 7-4

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6 Labeling Food for Use On-Site
Label Food Ready-to-eat TCS food that was prepped on-site and held longer than 24 hours, must contain a label that includes: The contents or name of the food in the container Date by which it should be sold, eaten, or thrown out Instructor Notes Labeling is required when the food has been held for longer than 24 hours. If an item has been previously cooked and stored and is later mixed with another food item to make a new dish, the label on the new dish must indicate the discard date of the previously cooked item. For example, if ground beef has been cooked and then stored at 41F (5C) or lower and is later used to make meat sauce, the meat sauce must be labeled with the discard date of the ground beef. 7-5

7 Label Food Packed for Retail Sale
Label Food that is Packaged on-site for Retail Sale Ready-to-eat TCS food that was prepped on-site and sold to customers for use at home must be labeled with: Common name of the food or a statement that clearly identifies it Quantity of the food. List of ingredients in descending order by weight. This is necessary if the item contains two or more ingredients List of artificial colors and flavors in the food. Chemical preservatives must also be listed Name and place of business of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor Source of each major food allergen contained in the food. Instructor Notes Labeling is required when the food has been held for longer than 24 hours. If an item has been previously cooked and stored and is later mixed with another food item to make a new dish, the label on the new dish must indicate the discard date of the previously cooked item. For example, if ground beef has been cooked and then stored at 41F (5C) or lower and is later used to make meat sauce, the meat sauce must be labeled with the discard date of the ground beef. 7-5

8 Date Marking Ready-to-eat TCS food that was prepped on-site and held longer than 24 hours, must contain a Date Marking. The date marking must include when the food must be sold, eaten or thrown out. Ready-to-eat TCS food that was prepared in-house: Can be stored for 7 days at 41°F (5°C) or lower Must be thrown out after 7 days Discard food that has passed the manufacturer’s expiration date Instructor Notes Labeling is required when the food has been held for longer than 24 hours. If an item has been previously cooked and stored and is later mixed with another food item to make a new dish, the label on the new dish must indicate the discard date of the previously cooked item. For example, if ground beef has been cooked and then stored at 41F (5C) or lower and is later used to make meat sauce, the meat sauce must be labeled with the discard date of the ground beef. 7-6

9 General Storage Guidelines
Rotate products so the oldest inventory is used first One way to rotate products is to follow FIFO: Identify the food item’s use-by, expiration, or preparation date Store items with the earliest use-by or expiration dates in front of items with later dates Use items stored in front first Instructor Notes Labeling is required when the food has been held for longer than 24 hours. If an item has been previously cooked and stored and is later mixed with another food item to make a new dish, the label on the new dish must indicate the discard date of the previously cooked item. For example, if ground beef has been cooked and then stored at 41F (5C) or lower and is later used to make meat sauce, the meat sauce must be labeled with the discard date of the ground beef. 7-7

10 General Storage Guidelines
Deplete stored product on a regular basis If product is not sold or consumed by a specified date: Throw it out Clean and sanitize the container Refill the container with fresh food Instructor Notes Labeling is required when the food has been held for longer than 24 hours. If an item has been previously cooked and stored and is later mixed with another food item to make a new dish, the label on the new dish must indicate the discard date of the previously cooked item. For example, if ground beef has been cooked and then stored at 41F (5C) or lower and is later used to make meat sauce, the meat sauce must be labeled with the discard date of the ground beef. 7-8

11 General Storage Guidelines
Transfer food between containers properly If you take food out of its original package: Put it in a clean, sanitized container Cover it Label with product name and original use- by/expiration date Instructor Notes Labeling is required when the food has been held for longer than 24 hours. If an item has been previously cooked and stored and is later mixed with another food item to make a new dish, the label on the new dish must indicate the discard date of the previously cooked item. For example, if ground beef has been cooked and then stored at 41F (5C) or lower and is later used to make meat sauce, the meat sauce must be labeled with the discard date of the ground beef. 7-9

12 General Storage Guidelines
Product Placement Store food in containers intended for food Containers should be: Durable Leak proof Sealed or covered Store food, linens, and single-use items in designated storage areas Away from walls At least 6” (15 centimeters) off the floor Instructor Notes Labeling is required when the food has been held for longer than 24 hours. If an item has been previously cooked and stored and is later mixed with another food item to make a new dish, the label on the new dish must indicate the discard date of the previously cooked item. For example, if ground beef has been cooked and then stored at 41F (5C) or lower and is later used to make meat sauce, the meat sauce must be labeled with the discard date of the ground beef. 7-10

13 General Storage Guidelines
Keep potentially hazardous food out of the temperature danger zone Store deliveries as soon as they have been inspected Put prepared food away until needed Temperatures Keep cold TCS food at 41°F (5°C) or lower Keep hot TCS food at 135°F (57°C) or higher Check the temperature of stored food and storage areas at the start of the shift. Instructor Notes Labeling is required when the food has been held for longer than 24 hours. If an item has been previously cooked and stored and is later mixed with another food item to make a new dish, the label on the new dish must indicate the discard date of the previously cooked item. For example, if ground beef has been cooked and then stored at 41F (5C) or lower and is later used to make meat sauce, the meat sauce must be labeled with the discard date of the ground beef. 7-11

14 General Storage Guidelines
Refrigerated and Frozen Storage Monitoring Monitor food temperatures regularly Randomly sample the temperature of stored food with a calibrated thermometer Check cooler temperatures at least once per shift Instructor Notes Labeling is required when the food has been held for longer than 24 hours. If an item has been previously cooked and stored and is later mixed with another food item to make a new dish, the label on the new dish must indicate the discard date of the previously cooked item. For example, if ground beef has been cooked and then stored at 41F (5C) or lower and is later used to make meat sauce, the meat sauce must be labeled with the discard date of the ground beef. 7-12

15 General Storage Guidelines
Check temperatures of stored food and storage areas Instructor Notes Labeling is required when the food has been held for longer than 24 hours. If an item has been previously cooked and stored and is later mixed with another food item to make a new dish, the label on the new dish must indicate the discard date of the previously cooked item. For example, if ground beef has been cooked and then stored at 41F (5C) or lower and is later used to make meat sauce, the meat sauce must be labeled with the discard date of the ground beef. Photo courtesy of Roger Bonafield and Dingbats 7-13

16 General Storage Guidelines
Store food only in designated storage areas Do not store food: Near chemicals or cleaning supplies In restrooms In locker rooms In furnace rooms In janitor closets Under stairways or pipes Instructor Notes Labeling is required when the food has been held for longer than 24 hours. If an item has been previously cooked and stored and is later mixed with another food item to make a new dish, the label on the new dish must indicate the discard date of the previously cooked item. For example, if ground beef has been cooked and then stored at 41F (5C) or lower and is later used to make meat sauce, the meat sauce must be labeled with the discard date of the ground beef. Do not store food this way 7-14

17 General Storage Guidelines
Keep all storage areas and equipment clean and dry Clean up spills immediately Clean dollies, carts, transports, and trays often Instructor Notes Labeling is required when the food has been held for longer than 24 hours. If an item has been previously cooked and stored and is later mixed with another food item to make a new dish, the label on the new dish must indicate the discard date of the previously cooked item. For example, if ground beef has been cooked and then stored at 41F (5C) or lower and is later used to make meat sauce, the meat sauce must be labeled with the discard date of the ground beef. 7-15

18 Today’s date is October 3rd. September has 30 days. Which food items
Today’s date is October 3rd. September has 30 days. Which food items should be discarded? Today’s date is October 3rd. September has 30 days. Which food items should be discarded? Instructor Notes Answers: The tuna salad has been stored for eight days and should be discarded. Both baines of vegetable soup should be discarded since one has been stored for eight days, and the other for nine days. The salad is not potentially hazardous. 7-16

19 Today’s date is October 3rd. September has 30 days. Which food items
Today’s date is October 3rd. September has 30 days. Which food items should be discarded? The tuna salad has been stored for eight days and should be discarded. Both batches of vegetable soup should be discarded since one has been stored for eight days and the other for nine days. The salad is not potentially hazardous. Today’s date is October 3rd. September has 30 days. Which food items should be discarded? The tuna salad has been stored for eight days and should be discarded. Both batches of vegetable soup should be discarded since one has been stored for eight days and the other for nine days. The salad is not potentially hazardous. Instructor Notes Answers: The tuna salad has been stored for eight days and should be discarded. Both baines of vegetable soup should be discarded since one has been stored for eight days, and the other for nine days. The salad is not potentially hazardous. 7-17

20 Refrigerated Storage Used to hold potentially hazardous food at 41F (5C) or lower Slows the growth of microorganisms Instructor Notes Some jurisdictions allow food to be held at 45F (7C) or lower. Refrigeration slows the growth of microorganisms and helps keep them from multiplying to levels high enough to cause illness. 7-18

21 Air temperature should be at least 2F (1C) lower than the desired internal product temperature
Instructor Notes For example, to hold poultry at an internal temperature of 41F (5C), the air temperature in the refrigerator should be at least 39F (4C). Hanging thermometers can be used to check air temperature and should be placed in the warmest part of the unit. They should be checked for accuracy. 7-19

22 Monitor food temperature regularly by: Randomly sampling temperature with a calibrated thermometer Using a product-mimicking device Randomly sampling temperature with a calibrated thermometer Using a product-mimicking device 7-20

23 Do not: Overload a refrigerator Line shelving with foil or paper
Do not: Overload a refrigerator Line shelving with foil or paper Open refrigerator doors too frequently Do not: Overload a refrigerator Line shelving with foil or paper Open refrigerator doors too frequently Instructor Notes These practices make the unit work harder to stay cold. Overloading a refrigerator or lining shelving prevents good airflow in the unit. Opening a refrigerator door too frequently lets warm air inside. Overloaded refrigerator 7-21

24 Never place hot food in the refrigerator This can warm the interior—putting food into the temperature danger zone This can warm the interior—putting food into the temperature danger zone 7-22

25 Store raw meat, poultry, and fish:
Separately from cooked and ready-to-eat food OR Below cooked or ready-to-eat food Do not store food this way Instructor Notes If they cannot be stored separately, store cooked or ready-to-eat food above raw meat, poultry, and fish. This will prevent raw product juices from dripping onto the prepared food and causing a foodborne illness. It is also recommended that raw meat, poultry, and fish be stored in the following top-to-bottom order: whole fish, whole cuts of beef and pork, ground meats and fish, whole and ground poultry. This order is based on the required minimum internal cooking temperature of each type of food. Store raw meat, poultry, and fish: Separately from cooked and ready-to-eat food OR Below cooked or ready-to-eat food If they cannot be stored separately, store cooked or ready-to-eat food above raw meat, poultry, and fish. This will prevent raw product juices from dripping onto the prepared food and causing a foodborne illness. It is also recommended that raw meat, poultry, and fish be stored in the following top-to-bottom order: whole fish, whole cuts of beef and pork, ground meats and fish, whole and ground poultry. This order is based on the required minimum internal cooking temperature of each type of food. 7-23

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27 Wrap food properly Leaving it uncovered can lead to cross-contamination
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28 Frozen Storage Slows the growth of microorganisms substantially
Frozen Storage Slows the growth of microorganisms substantially Used to hold potentially hazardous food at 0F (–18C) or lower Storage temperature varies by product Frozen Storage Slows the growth of microorganisms substantially Used to hold potentially hazardous food at 0F (–18C) or lower Storage temperature varies by product Instructor Notes Freezing does not kill all microorganisms. Keep freezer temperatures at 0F (–18C) or lower unless the food you are storing requires a different temperature. 7-25

29 To maintain proper freezer temperatures:
To maintain proper freezer temperatures: Check unit temperatures regularly Do not store warm food inside Do not overload units Keep doors closed as much as possible Defrost units regularly To maintain proper freezer temperatures: Check unit temperatures regularly Do not store warm food inside Do not overload units Keep doors closed as much as possible Defrost units regularly Instructor Notes Warm food can raise the temperature inside the unit and partially thaw the food inside. Overloading a freezer unit makes it work harder, and makes it harder to find and rotate food properly. Freezer units will operate more efficiently when free of frost. Food should be moved to another freezer while defrosting. 7-26

30 Refrigerated and Frozen Storage
Preventing Cross-Contamination Store food items in the following top-to-bottom order: Ready-to-eat food Seafood Whole cuts of beef and pork Ground meat and ground fish Whole and ground poultry Instructor Notes The order for storing the food items indicated in the slide is based upon the minimum internal cooking temperature of each food. Raw meat, poultry, and seafood can be stored with or above ready-to-eat food in a freezer if all of the items have been commercially processed and packaged. 7-27

31 Refrigerated and Frozen Storage
Airflow Do NOT overload coolers or freezers Storing too many food items prevents good airflow and makes the units work harder to stay cold. Lining shelves with aluminum foil, sheet pans, or paper restricts circulation of cold air in the unit. Keep cooler doors closed as much as possible Use open shelving Instructor Notes Do not overload coolers or freezers. Storing too many food items prevents good airflow and makes the units work harder to stay cold. Lining shelves with aluminum foil, sheet pans, or paper restricts circulation of cold air in the unit. 7-28

32 Dry-storage areas are used to hold dry and canned food at:
50F to 70F (10C to 21C) 50% to 60% relative humidity A Hygrometer is used to measure relative humidity levels Instructor Notes Storerooms must be cool, dry, and well ventilated, since moisture and heat are the biggest dangers to dry and canned food. Dry Storage Dry-storage areas are used to hold dry and canned food at: 50F to 70F (10C to 21C) 50% to 60% relative humidity Storerooms must be cool, dry, and well ventilated, since moisture and heat are the biggest dangers to dry and canned food. 7-29

33 Dry food must be stored:
Dry food must be stored: At least 6 inches off the floor Away from walls Out of direct sunlight In a clean area Dry food must be stored: At least 6 inches off the floor Away from walls Out of direct sunlight In a clean area 7-30

34 When storing fresh meat:
Storing Meat When storing fresh meat: Store at an internal temperature of 41F (5C) or lower Wrap it in airtight, moisture-proof material OR Store it in a container When storing fresh meat: Store at an internal temperature of 41F (5C) or lower Wrap it in airtight, moisture-proof material OR Store it in a container 7-31

35 When storing fresh poultry:
Storing Poultry When storing fresh poultry: Store at an internal temperature of 41F (5C) or lower Store ice-packed product as is, in self-draining containers When storing fresh poultry: Store at an internal temperature of 41F (5C) or lower Store ice-packed product as is, in self-draining containers Instructor Notes If poultry is stored in self-draining containers, the ice should be changed often and the container should be sanitized regularly. 7-32

36 When storing fresh fish:
Storing Fish When storing fresh fish: Keep at an internal temperature of 41F (5C) or lower Store ice-packed product as is, in self-draining containers Keep fillets and steaks in original packaging When storing fresh fish: Keep at an internal temperature of 41F (5C) or lower Store ice-packed product as is, in self-draining containers Keep fillets and steaks in original packaging Instructor Notes If fish is stored in self-draining containers, the ice should be changed often and the container should be sanitized regularly. Fish that will be served raw or partially cooked (with the exception of certain species of tuna) should be frozen by the processor to the following temperatures prior to shipment: –4F (–20C) or lower for seven days (168 hours) in a storage freezer; or –31F (–35C) or lower for fifteen hours in a blast freezer. 7-33

37 When storing fresh shellfish:
Store alive at an air temperature of 45F (7C) or lower Store in original containers Keep shell stock tags for 90 days from date last shellfish was used Instructor Notes Molluscan shellfish (clams, oysters, mussels, scallops) can be stored in a display tank under one of two conditions: The tanks carry a sign stating that the shellfish are for display only. You obtain a variance from the health department to serve the shellfish on display. Storing Shellfish When storing fresh shellfish: Store alive at an air temperature of 45F (7C) or lower Store in original containers Keep shell stock tags for 90 days from date last shellfish was used Molluscan shellfish (clams, oysters, mussels, scallops) can be stored in a display tank under one of two conditions: The tanks carry a sign stating that the shellfish are for display only You obtain a variance from the health department to serve the shellfish on display. 7-34

38 When storing shell eggs:
Storing Shell Eggs When storing shell eggs: Store at an air temperature of 45F (7C) or lower Keep eggs in refrigerated storage until used Use eggs within 4–5 weeks of packing date When storing shell eggs: Store at an air temperature of 45F (7C) or lower Keep eggs in refrigerated storage until used Use eggs within 4–5 weeks of packing date Instructor Notes Liquid egg products should be stored according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Dried egg products can be stored in a dry and cool storeroom, but should be refrigerated at 41F (5C) or lower when reconstituted (mixed with water). 7-35

39 When storing dairy: Store fresh at 41F (5C) or lower
Storing Dairy When storing dairy: Store fresh at 41F (5C) or lower Store frozen at 6F to 10F (–14C to –12C) Follow FIFO Discard product that has passed its use-by/expiration date When storing dairy: Store fresh at 41F (5C) or lower Store frozen at 6F to 10F (–14C to –12C) Follow FIFO Discard product that has passed its use-by/expiration date 7-36

40 When storing fresh produce:
Storing Produce When storing fresh produce: Storage temperatures will vary by product Product packed on ice can be stored that way Do not wash product prior to storage When storing fresh produce: Storage temperatures will vary by product Cut melons, cut tomatoes, and cut leafy greens are TCS food. Store them at 41F or lower. Product packed on ice can be stored that way Product packed on ice, such as whole, raw produce and raw, cut vegetables, must be stored in self-draining containers. Ice should be changed regularly. Fruits and vegetables kept in the cooler can dry out quickly. Keep the relative humidity at 85 to 95 percent. Avocados, bananas, pears, and tomatoes ripen best at room temperature Most produce should not be washed before storage. Moisture often promotes the growth of mold. Wash only when ready to prep or serve Instructor Notes Product packed on ice, such as whole, raw produce and raw, cut vegetables, must be stored in self-draining containers. Ice should be changed regularly. Most produce should not be washed prior to storage. 7-37

41 When storing MAP, vacuum-packed, and sous vide food:
Storing MAP, Vacuum-packed, and Sous Vide Food When storing MAP, vacuum-packed, and sous vide food: Store at temperatures recommended by manufacturer Discard product if: Use-by/expiration dates have expired Package is torn Package is slimy or contains excessive liquid Product bubbles When storing MAP, vacuum-packed, and sous vide food: Store at temperatures recommended by manufacturer If a temperature is not specified by the manufacturer, store product at 41F (5C) or lower. Discard product if: Use-by/expiration dates have expired Package is torn Package is slimy or contains excessive liquid Product bubbles Instructor Notes If a temperature is not specified by the manufacturer, store product at 41F (5C) or lower. 7-38

42 UHT Products Aseptically Packaged
UHT Products UHT Products Aseptically Packaged Store product at room temperature Once opened, store at 41F (5C) or lower UHT Products Not Aseptically Packaged Store at 41F (5C) or lower UHT Products Aseptically Packaged Store product at room temperature Once opened, store at 41F (5C) or lower UHT Products Not Aseptically Packaged Store at 41F (5C) or lower 7-39

43 When storing canned and dry products:
Canned and Dry Products When storing canned and dry products: Store product at 50F to 70F (10C to 21C) Store in original package or in airtight, clearly labeled containers Keep storerooms dry Check packages for insect or rodent damage When storing canned and dry products: Store product at 50F to 70F (10C to 21C) Store in original package or in airtight, clearly labeled containers Keep storerooms dry Check packages for insect or rodent damage 7-40

44 Find the unsafe storage practices in this picture
Instructor Notes Answers: There are ten unsafe storage practices in this picture: The chef is going to place a large amount of hot food into the refrigerator. The chef is going to store an uncovered stockpot of cooked food in the refrigerator. The refrigerator is overloaded. The chef is smoking a cigarette. The chef has an uncovered bandage on his hand. Some items in the refrigerator are labeled, while others are not. Food has been stored on the floor and one bag has a tear. Chemicals and cleaning tools have been stored with food. Many of the dry goods stored on the shelf are missing labels. From the cobwebs, it appears the establishment does not do a good job cleaning the storeroom and rotating stock. 7-41

45 There are ten unsafe storage practices in this picture: 1
There are ten unsafe storage practices in this picture: 1. The chef is going to place a large amount of hot food into the refrigerator. 2. The chef is going to store an uncovered stockpot of cooked food in the refrigerator. 3. The refrigerator is overloaded. 4. The chef is smoking a cigarette. 5. The chef has an uncovered bandage on his hand. 6. Some items in the refrigerator are labeled, while others are not. 7. Food has been stored on the floor and one bag has a tear. 8. Chemicals and cleaning tools have been stored with food. 9. Many of the dry goods stored on the shelf are missing labels. 10. From the cobwebs, it appears the establishment does not do a good job cleaning the storeroom and rotating stock. Find the unsafe storage practices in this picture There are 10 unsafe storage practices. The chef has an uncovered bandage on his hand. Some items in the refrigerator are labeled, while others are not. Food has been stored on the floor and one bag has a tear. Chemicals and cleaning tools have been stored with food. The chef is going to place a large amount of hot food into the refrigerator. The chef is going to store an uncovered stockpot of cooked food in the refrigerator. The refrigerator is overloaded. The chef is smoking a cigarette. Instructor Notes Answers: There are ten unsafe storage practices in this picture: The chef is going to place a large amount of hot food into the refrigerator. The chef is going to store an uncovered stockpot of cooked food in the refrigerator. The refrigerator is overloaded. The chef is smoking a cigarette. The chef has an uncovered bandage on his hand. Some items in the refrigerator are labeled, while others are not. Food has been stored on the floor and one bag has a tear. Chemicals and cleaning tools have been stored with food. Many of the dry goods stored on the shelf are missing labels. From the cobwebs, it appears the establishment does not do a good job cleaning the storeroom and rotating stock. Many of the dry goods stored on the shelf are missing labels. From the cobwebs, it appears the establishment does not do a good job cleaning the storeroom and rotating stock. 7-41

46 What is the recommended top to bottom order for storing the following food in the same refrigerator: Shelled Eggs, Raw Trout, Uncooked Beef Roast, Raw Chicken, Raw Ground Beef, Chicken Salad What is the recommended top to bottom order for storing the following food in the same refrigerator: Shelled Eggs Raw Trout Uncooked Beef Roast Raw Chicken Raw Ground Beef Chicken Salad

47 What is the recommended top to bottom order for storing the following food in the same refrigerator: Chicken Salad 2 - Raw Trout 3 - Uncooked Beef Roast 4 - Raw Ground Beef 5 - Raw Chicken 6- Shelled Eggs It is recommended that ready-to-eat foods, raw meat, poultry, and fish be stored in the following top-to-bottom order: ready-to eat foods, whole fish, whole cuts of beef and pork, ground meats and fish, whole and ground poultry. This order is based on the required minimum internal cooking temperature of each type of food What is the recommended top to bottom order for storing the following food in the same refrigerator: 1 1- Chicken Salad 2 - Raw Trout 3 - Uncooked Beef Roast 4 - Raw Ground Beef 5 - Raw Chicken 6 – Shelled Eggs 2 3 It is recommended that ready-to-eat foods, raw meat, poultry, and fish be stored in the following top-to-bottom order: ready-to eat foods, whole fish, whole cuts of beef and pork, ground meats and fish, whole and ground poultry. This order is based on the required minimum internal cooking temperature of each type of food. 4 6 5


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