1. Managing the Land encompasses 4 main areas:
1. Soil Conservation
2. Pest Management
3. Waste Management
4. Mining

2. 1. Soil Conservation Why is it important?
a. Preserves organic matter in the top
layer of soil necessary for plants.
b. Cuts down on amount of sediments
that wash into the Bay
Methods of soil conservation
a. Contour Plowing- Instead of plowing
up and down a hill, contour plowing is
perpendicular to the slope of the land

3. Contour Plowing

4. Methods of Soil conservation (cont)
No-till farming – Crops are harvested
without overturning soil

5. 2. Pest Management Why is it important?
a. In North America insects eat 13 % of
all crops (33% worldwide)
Methods of Pest Management
a. Pesticides- are chemicals that are applied
to crops to kill pests. (herbicides fall into
this category because they kill unwanted
plants)
1. They can be harmful to
beneficial plants and
animals.

6. Example: DDT
DDT was a pesticide used to kill mosquitos and other insects. It caused problems when it got into the waterways and fish which were eaten by other animals.

7. Problems/Issues with Pesticides
2. Over time, some plants can develop pesticide
resistance which is the ability to survive being
exposed to a toxin.
a. This is how pesticide resistance happens.
See next slide! 4 1 2 3

8. Problems/Issues with Pesticides (cont)
Population of bugs becomes a problem in your home or garden
Most of the bugs die with an exception of a few superbugs that are resistant to the pesticide
4. The superbugs mate and their
babies have the same trait for
resistance
Homeowner calls
a friendly exterminator

9. 3. Bioaccumulation- This is a build-up of a toxin as it reaches higher levels of the food chain
Example: Mercury builds up in fish affecting other animals that eat them

10. Another Method of Pest Management: Biological Controls
Making use of predator-prey relationships in nature.
Examples:
Buying ladybugs online to eat aphids that
eat leaves in your garden
Phorid flies used to kill fire ants
(lay eggs in their heads)

11. 3. Land Reclamation Why is it Important
The process of returning the land back to its
original or better condition after mining has
taken place.

12. Tar Mining

13. Diamond Mining

14. Iron Mine in Brazil

15. Methods of Land Reclamation
a. Involves returning topsoil, planting
trees, neutralizing acids

16. Land Reclamation
Before After

17. 4. Waste Management Why is it important?
a. To prevent disease and land/water
contamination
Methods of Waste Management
a. Landfills- More than 50% of the municipal and manufacturing solid waste that ends up in landfills.

18. b. Incinerators- Where solid waste is burned
b. Incinerators- Where solid waste is burned. This also releases toxic fumes into the air.
c. Recycling- Reusing material from products that would be thrown in the trash

19. Modern Landfill
Leachate is the contaminated water that forms as rain travels through layers of a landfill.